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Ruppel’s Manual of Pulmonary Function Testing 12th Edition By Mottram $17.99   Add to cart

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Ruppel’s Manual of Pulmonary Function Testing 12th Edition By Mottram

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Ruppel’s Manual of Pulmonary Function Testing 12th Edition By Mottram

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  • September 10, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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TEST BANK For Ruppel’s Manual of Pulmonary Function
Testing 12th Edition By Mottram

what are the 3 major categories of respiratory system diseases? - ANSWER:1-
obstructive lung diseases
2-restrictive disorders
3-abnormalities of the vasculature

what of the lung diseases are more common? - ANSWER:obstructive lung diseases

obstructive lung diseases are primarily disorders of what? -
ANSWER:airways(asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and bronchiolitis)

restrictive lungs diseases are a result of what? - ANSWER:restrictive
pathophysiology(parenchymal lung diseases, abnormalities of chest wall and pleura,
neuromuscular disease)

what are disorders of the pumonary vasculature? - ANSWER:pulmonary embolism,
pulmonary HTN, and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

what do pulmonary function tests(PFTs) include? - ANSWER:spirometry, spirometry
before and after bronchodilator, lung volumes, quantitation of diffusing lung
capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO)

what is the initial PFT to get due to its availability at most clinics? -
ANSWER:spirometry

what does spirometry assess? - ANSWER:if flow is obstructive

what is spirometry a key diagnostic test in? - ANSWER:astma, COPD, and chronic
cough(to see if its due to asthma)

what all is spirometry useful in monitoring? - ANSWER:astma, COPD, interstitial lung
disease, neuromuscular diseases affecting respiratory muscles

spirometry is what kind of test? - ANSWER:an effort-dependent test

what does spirometry measure that is diagnostic of obstruction? -
ANSWER:diminished forced expiratory volume in 1 sec(FEV1)/forced vital
capacity(FVC)

what is the flow volume loop? - ANSWER:effort independent

what are some indications for PFTs? - ANSWER:1-diagnose pulmonary disease

,2-assess change in lung function 3-preoperative evaluation in reversible airway
disease(asthma) or COPD
4-monitor occupational lung exposures
5-evaluate severity of resp disease
6-evaluation of impairment or disability
7-evaluate effects of various drugs

when are flow-volume loops obtained? - ANSWER:when stridor is heard over neck,
and for evaluation of unexplained dyspnea

airway obstruction located in pharynx, larynx, or trachea(upper airways) are
impossible to detect usually with what maneuvers? - ANSWER:FVC

what do you use for upper airway obstruction evaluation? - ANSWER:Flow-Volume
loops

what is Total Lung Capacity(TLC)? - ANSWER:total volume of air contained in the
lungs

what is functional residual capacity(FRC)? - ANSWER:volume of air left at the end of
normal expiration

what is residual volume(RV)? - ANSWER:volume of air left in the lungs at the end of
forced expiration(amount of air that cannot be breathed out

what is vital capacity? - ANSWER:difference between the largest TLC and smallest RV

what is TLC determined by? - ANSWER:ability of the inspiratory pump(brain, nerves,
muscle) to expand chest wall and lungs

any breakdown of ability of the inspiratory pump to function will result in what? -
ANSWER:smaller TLC(restrictive lung disease)

what is an example of when the inspiratory pump isnt working quite right? -
ANSWER:neuromuscular disease, kyphoscoliosis

diseases which increase inward recoil of the lung(as in pulmonary fibrosis) will lead
to what? - ANSWER:a smaller TLC

what will result in an increased TLC? - ANSWER:reduction of inward
recoil(emphysema)

what determines the RV? - ANSWER:strength of expiratory muscles and
compressibility of the chest wall

what determines VC(vital capacity)? - ANSWER:variations between TLC and RV

, FRC is what kind of measurement? - ANSWER:not reliable measurement

where does most of the resistance to airflow in the respiratory system occur? -
ANSWER:in the first few divisions of airways

why is there less resistance to airflow in the more distal smaller airways? -
ANSWER:because there is far more cross sectional area

what reduces the resistance to airflow? - ANSWER:lung expansion(inspiration), so at
high lung volumes

airway resistance will increase when? - ANSWER:at low lung volumes

what other than lung volumes can increase airway resistance? - ANSWER:smooth
muscle constriction, secretions in airways, edema, loss of tethering to small
airways(emphysema)

what are obstructive lung diseases characterized by? - ANSWER:resistance to
expiratory flow

what four categories of info may be obtained from PFTs? - ANSWER:1-Lung volumes
2-Flow rates
3-Diffusing capacity
4-maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressures which measure strength of respiratory
muscles

what will a normal flow volume loop look like? - ANSWER:1-rapid rise to peak flow
rate in expiration phase
2-linear fall in flow at end of expiratory phase
3-symmetrical saddle shaped inspiratory curve

what will a fixed upper airway obstruction(can be intra or extrathoracic) look like on
flow-volume loop? - ANSWER:flow limitation and flatteninig in both inspiratory and
expiratory limbs

how to read a flow-volume loop? - ANSWER:start at left most point on the x axis this
will be breath out as hard as you can then furthest right point is when you take a big
breath in so top is expiratory and bottom is inspiratory limb

what will a variable(nonfixed) extrathoracic obstruction flow volume loop like? -
ANSWER:flow limitation and flattening on the inspiratory limb of the loop

what will a dynamic/variable intrathoracic obstruction flow volume loop look like? -
ANSWER:flow limitation and and flattening on expiratory limb

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