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Samenvatting lessen 3-5 computer networks

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this is a summary of lessons 3 - 5 please note that this does not include the labs.

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  • September 10, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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‭Module 9: Address Resolution (from "Computer Networks -‬
‭09.pptx")‬

‭1.‬ ‭MAC and IP Addressing:‬
‭○‬ ‭Same Network:‬‭Devices on the same Ethernet LAN use‬‭their‬
‭Layer 2 MAC addresses to communicate directly.‬‭(how‬‭LAN‬
‭parties work)‬
‭○‬ ‭Remote Network:‬‭If the destination is on a different‬‭network,‬
‭the device uses the MAC address of the default gateway (router)‬
‭to forward the packet to the remote network.‬‭(this‬‭is why we‬
‭port forward so the router knows where to sent the data‬
‭packages to which local device instead of the many users on the‬
‭same public ip address)‬
‭2.‬ ‭Address Resolution Protocol (ARP):‬
‭○‬ ‭Purpose:‬‭ARP is used‬‭to map a known IPv4 address to‬‭a MAC‬
‭address(relationship between them)‬‭, enabling communication‬
‭over Ethernet.‬

‭Just a more specific version of each other‬

‭○‬ ‭How ARP Works:‬
‭■‬ ‭The sender broadcasts an ARP request to all devices on the‬
‭local network, asking for the MAC address of the target‬
‭IPv4 address.‬
‭■‬ ‭The device with the corresponding IPv4 address replies‬
‭with its MAC address, allowing the sender to create an ARP‬
‭table entry.‬
‭○‬ ‭ARP Table:‬‭Maintains mappings of IPv4 addresses to‬‭MAC‬
‭addresses. Entries in this table are aged out after a period or can‬
‭be manually cleared by an administrator.‬

, ‭○‬ ‭Problems with ARP:‬
‭■‬ ‭Excessive Broadcasts:‬‭ARP broadcasts (why are there‬
‭broadcasts)‬‭can overwhelm the network if there are‬‭many‬
‭devices.‬

‭Doofus just read the part above the text if you‬‭needed to know‬

‭■‬ ‭Security Vulnerabilities:‬‭ARP is vulnerable to‬‭spoofing‬
‭attacks, where a malicious device sends false ARP‬
‭messages to associate its MAC address with the IP address‬
‭of another device.‬
‭3.‬ ‭IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND):‬
‭○‬ ‭Functions:‬‭Performs the‬‭same function as ARP‬‭but uses‬‭ICMPv6‬
‭messages.‬
‭○‬ ‭Messages:‬
‭■‬ ‭Neighbor Solicitation (NS):‬‭Sent by a device to discover‬
‭the MAC address of another IPv6 device on the same‬
‭network.‬
‭■‬ ‭Neighbor Advertisement (NA):‬‭Response from the‬
‭device being queried, providing its MAC address.‬
‭○‬ ‭Router Discovery:‬‭Uses Router Solicitation (RS) and‬‭Router‬
‭Advertisement (RA) messages to locate routers on the local link.‬

, ‭Module 10: Basic Router Configuration (from "Computer‬
‭Networks - 10.pptx")‬

‭1.‬ ‭Initial Router Configuration:‬
‭○‬ ‭Steps:‬
‭■‬ ‭Configure Device Name:‬‭Assign a unique hostname to‬
‭identify the router in the network.‬
enable secret‬‭to‬
‭■‬ ‭Secure Privileged EXEC Mode:‬‭Use‬‭
‭set a secure password for privileged EXEC mode.‬
‭■‬ ‭Secure User EXEC Mode:‬‭Configure a password for‬
line console 0‬
‭console access using‬‭ password‬
‭,‬‭ ‭, and‬
login‬‭commands.‬

‭■‬ ‭Secure Remote Access (Telnet/SSH):‬‭Set up‬
line vty‬‭and specify‬‭the‬
‭passwords for remote access via‬‭
‭transport protocols (‬‭
ssh‬‭or‬‭
telnet‬
‭).‬
service‬
‭■‬ ‭Encrypt Passwords:‬‭Use the‬‭
password-encryption‬‭command to encrypt all plaintext‬

‭passwords.‬
‭■‬ ‭Legal Notification:‬‭Create a Message of the Day (MOTD)‬
banner motd‬‭to display legal warnings‬‭or‬
‭banner using‬‭
‭notices.‬
‭■‬ ‭Save Configuration:‬‭Save the configuration to NVRAM‬
copy running-config startup-config‬
‭using‬‭ ‭.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Basic Router Configuration Example:‬
‭○‬ ‭Commands for Basic Configuration on Router R1:‬
R1(config)# hostname R1‬
‭■‬ ‭Set hostname:‬‭
R1(config)# enable secret class‬
‭■‬ ‭Secure EXEC mode:‬‭
R1(config-line)# password‬
‭■‬ ‭Configure console password:‬‭
cisco‬‭and‬‭
‭ login‬

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