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samenvatting lessen 6-8 computer networks

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this is a summary of lessons from 6-8, please note that this does not include the labs

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  • September 10, 2024
  • 24
  • 2023/2024
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‭Module 3: VLANs‬

‭1.‬ ‭Overview of VLANs‬‭:‬
‭○‬ ‭Definition and Benefits of VLANs‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) are used to segment‬
‭networks into smaller, isolated networks to reduce‬
‭broadcast traffic, improve security, and enhance network‬
‭performance.‬
‭■‬ ‭Benefits‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Smaller broadcast domains, improved security,‬
‭enhanced IT efficiency, reduced cost, better‬
‭■‬ ‭performance, and simpler management.‬
‭○‬ ‭Types of VLANs‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Default VLAN‬‭: VLAN 1, the default VLAN for all ports.‬
‭■‬ ‭Native VLAN‬‭: A VLAN not tagged on a trunk link, typically‬
‭used for backward compatibility.‬
‭■‬ ‭Management VLAN‬‭: A VLAN used to manage the network‬
‭devices.‬
‭2.‬ ‭VLANs in a Multi-Switched Environment‬‭:‬
‭○‬ ‭VLAN Trunks‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭A trunk is a point-to-point link between network devices‬
‭carrying multiple VLANs. Cisco trunking supports the‬
‭802.1Q protocol, which allows VLANs to span across the‬
‭entire network.‬
‭○‬ ‭Networks without VLANs‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Without VLANs, all devices connected to the switches‬
‭receive all types of network traffic, including unicast,‬
‭multicast, and broadcast traffic.‬
‭○‬ ‭Networks with VLANs‬‭:‬

, ‭■‬ ‭With VLANs, traffic is limited to devices within the same‬
‭VLAN. Communication between different VLANs requires a‬
‭Layer 3 device (like a router).‬
‭○‬ ‭VLAN Identification with a Tag‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭The IEEE 802.1Q header, which is 4 bytes, is used for‬
‭VLAN tagging. It includes fields like Type (Tag Protocol ID),‬
‭User Priority, Canonical Format Identifier (CFI), and VLAN‬
‭ID (VID).‬
‭3.‬ ‭VLAN Configuration‬‭:‬
‭○‬ ‭VLAN Creation Commands‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Commands to create a VLAN in Cisco IOS, including‬
‭defining a VLAN ID and assigning a name.‬
‭○‬ ‭VLAN Port Assignment Commands‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Steps to assign VLANs to specific switch ports, including‬
‭setting ports to access mode.‬
‭○‬ ‭Verifying VLAN Configuration‬‭:‬
show vlan‬‭to display and verify VLAN‬
‭■‬ ‭Commands like‬‭
‭information.‬
‭○‬ ‭Changing VLAN Port Membership‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Instructions on how to change VLAN membership by‬
‭modifying port settings.‬
‭○‬ ‭Deleting VLANs‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Procedures to delete individual or all VLANs and reset‬
‭switches to default settings.‬
‭4.‬ ‭VLAN Trunks‬‭:‬
‭○‬ ‭Trunk Configuration Commands‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Instructions for setting up trunk links, including setting‬
‭trunk mode and specifying VLANs allowed on the trunk.‬
‭○‬ ‭Verifying Trunk Configuration‬‭:‬

, show‬
‭■‬ ‭Steps to confirm trunk settings using commands like‬‭
interfaces trunk‬
‭ ‭.‬
‭○‬ ‭Resetting Trunk to Default‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Steps to reset trunk settings to default, such as restoring‬
‭VLAN 1 as the native VLAN.‬




‭Module 4: Inter-VLAN Routing‬

‭1.‬ ‭Inter-VLAN Routing Operation‬‭:‬
‭○‬ ‭What is Inter-VLAN Routing?‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Process of forwarding traffic between VLANs using routers‬
‭or Layer 3 switches. Inter-VLAN routing allows‬
‭communication between hosts on different VLANs.‬
‭■‬ ‭Inter-VLAN Routing Options‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing‬‭: Uses a router with‬
‭multiple Ethernet interfaces; not scalable.‬
‭■‬ ‭Router-on-a-Stick‬‭: Uses a single router interface‬
‭configured as a trunk with multiple subinterfaces;‬
‭suitable for small to medium-sized networks.‬
‭■‬ ‭Layer 3 Switch with SVIs (Switched Virtual‬
‭Interfaces)‬‭: Provides the most scalable solution for‬
‭medium to large networks.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing‬‭:‬
‭○‬ ‭Description‬‭:‬
‭■‬ ‭Uses separate physical interfaces on a router for each‬
‭VLAN. This method is no longer commonly used due to‬
‭scalability issues.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing‬‭:‬

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