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Pubh 302 Exam 1 Galloway 2024/2025
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Pubh 302 Exam 1 Galloway 2024/2025
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Pubh 302 Exam 1 Galloway 2024/2025determinants of health - Precise Answer ✔✔risk factors, risk conditions
can be environmental, social & behavioral influences (not just indiv. influence)
4 Main Types:
•Heredity (16%)*
•Social/Physical Environment (22%)*
•Access to Health Care Services (8%)*
•Behavior (54%)*
risk factors - Precise Answer ✔✔- set of common causes of death, disability, illness and injury
○ Ex: behavioral- smoking, poor diet, lack of PA, alcohol consumption
○ More likely to be under the control of individuals at risk
risk conditions - Precise Answer ✔✔○ Ex: biological (age, sex, genetics), environmental, enforcement of
policies
○ Less likely to be under the control of individuals
lifestyle - Precise Answer ✔✔pattern of behavior; more complex, lifetime habits and social
circumstances
3 levels of prevention - Precise Answer ✔✔***primary, secondary, tertiary***
primary prevention - Precise Answer ✔✔***action taken to advert occurence of disease***
,secondary prevention - Precise Answer ✔✔***action taken to identify diseases at their earliest stages
and to apply appropriate treatments to limit their consequences and severity***
Tetiary prevention - Precise Answer ✔✔***specific interventions to assist diseased or disabled persons
in limiting the effects of their diseases or disabilities; also may include activities to prevent reoccurrence
of disease***
Hippocrates - Precise Answer ✔✔Father of Western Medicine
Causal relationships
● Disease and climate, water, lifestyle, nutrition
● Illness had a physical and rational explanation
****Coined the term "Epidemic"****
William Henry - Precise Answer ✔✔*** 1628 theories of circulation
First to suggest reproduction via sperm and egg
Used dissection to create theories (no microscope) ***
Edward Jenner - Precise Answer ✔✔1796 cowpox experiment
*****Coined the term "Vaccine" (vacca- latin for cow)****
Dr. John Snow - Precise Answer ✔✔-Physician and mathmetician
-Concerned about ****cholera outbreaks****
● ****Made careful observations of disease (who, where)****
● Developed a theory of the source of outbreak
- Basic epidemiology
Edwin Chadwick - Precise Answer ✔✔***Published 3-volume "Survey into the Sanitation Condition of
the Laboring Classes in GB"*** ; Led to reforms in sanitation, healthcare and treatment of
poor/working classes; Appointed Sanitation Commissioner
, Lemuel Shattuck - Precise Answer ✔✔***Developed plan that led to the establishment of Board of
Health in Massachusetts***
First to identify major MA public health issues
● ***Accurate keeping of health records and vital PH stats***
● ***Sanitary inspection system***
● ***Vaccination program***
Louis Pasteur - Precise Answer ✔✔● ***1862 germs caused many diseases***
● 1888 first public health lab
Robert Koch - Precise Answer ✔✔● ***1883 identified the vibrio that caused cholera***
● Discovered tuberculosis bacterium
C. Everett Koop - Precise Answer ✔✔**FIRST SURGEON GENERAL**
Anti-tobacco campaign
● ***Required rotating health warning labels***
● ***Smoke free society by 2000***
● 8 reports on the health consequences of tobacco. ***wrote nicotine was comparable to
heroin/cocaine addiction***. ***made AIDs a priority to health during the 80s (sent pamphlet to all
Americans)***
Ancient Greece - Precise Answer ✔✔- ***Personal hygiene***
- ***Physical fitness (olympics)***
***Naturalistic concept (disease by imbalance between man and his environment) ***
Roman Empire - Precise Answer ✔✔-Adopted Greek health values
-***Great engineers (sewage, aqueducts)***
***Administration collected taxes (public baths, water supply, markets) ***
Middle Ages - Precise Answer ✔✔-Shift away from Greek and Roman values
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