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PMCOL 344 - Antivirals Exam Study Guide @
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PMCOL 344 - Antivirals ExamStudy Guide @ 2024 -2025
Amantadine Answer Prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A. Inhibits pH depending
uncoating of virus by blocking M2. CNS effects at higher doses and not safe in
pregnancy.
Rimantadine Answer Prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A. Inhibits pH depending
uncoating of virus by blocking M2. CNS effects at higher doses (less than amantadine)
and not safe in pregnancy.
Tamiflu (oseltamivir) Answer Selective viral neuroaminidase inhibitor to treat both
influenza A and B. Transition-state analog so binds with high affinity and prevents new
viral particles from being released from infected cells. Co-administered with probenecid
to maintain peak plasma conc. Nausea and vomiting!
Zanamivir (Relenza) Answer Selective viral neuroaminidase inhibitor to treat both
influenza A and B. Competitive inhibitor, prevents new viral particles from being
released from infected cells. Slightly diff molecular binding site than Tamiflu so retains
activity even if resistant to Tamilu. Nausea, diarrhea, sinusitis.
Acyclovir Answer Acyclic nucleoside analog. Inhibits replication of HSV and VZV. Must
be converted to acyclovir triphosphate (partly by virus machinery) to inhibit viral DNA
pol and be incorporated into DNA as a chain terminator.
Ganciclovir Answer Acyclic nucleoside analog. Inhibits replication of HSV and CMV.
Must be converted to ganciclovir triphosphate (partly by virus machinery) to inhibit viral
DNA pol and be incorporated into DNA as a chain terminator. Dose limiting bone marrow
toxicity.
Phosphonoformic acid (Foscarnet) Answer Pyrophospate analog that blocks the PPi
binding site of viral DNA pol. Active against CMV and HSV/VZV acyclovir-resistant
infections. Dose limiting renal toxicity.
Ribavirin Answer Purine (Guanine) nucleoside analogue. Inhibits IMP dehydrogenase
and depletes GTP + dGTP. Treats broad number of DNA and RNA viruses (but also
affects uninfected cells). Only treatment known for RSV.
zidovudine (AZT) Answer Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor - must be
metabolized by cellular enzymes to the triphosphate version. Competitively inhibits RT
and are DNA chain terminators. Bone marrow suppression dose limiting toxicity. for
HIV.
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