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ESB TEST 2 questions with verified answers
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ESB TEST 2 questions with verified answers
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ESB TEST 2Research Process - correct answer ✔✔Question, design, findings, publishing
True Experiment - correct answer ✔✔designs in which the researcher manipulates ALL independent
variables; total control over who's in what group
Quasi Experimental Design - correct answer ✔✔designs in which random assignments cannot be used
Quasi Independent Variables - correct answer ✔✔variables treated as if they were independent
variables in the experimental design even though the researchers did not manipulate them
Self Reports - correct answer ✔✔any measurement technique that directly asks a participant how they
think/feel
Advantages of Self Report - correct answer ✔✔inexpensive, easily administered, firsthand info from the
source
Disadvantages of Self Report - correct answer ✔✔social desirability concerns, potential demand
characteristics (wanting a specific result like on buzzfeed quiz), possible retrospective bias
Behavioral Measure - correct answer ✔✔a measure of a participant's actions in a research design, must
be able to operationally define and measure participants' behavior (Behavioral
trace/observation/choice)
Raw Score - correct answer ✔✔the actual score; trace score + error
True Score - correct answer ✔✔what your score would be if the test was a perfect measure of that
attribute and uninfluenced by any extraneous factors
, Error - correct answer ✔✔extraneous influences that will cause the raw score to deviate from the true
score; (random error + bias)/systematic error
Random Error - correct answer ✔✔variation from the measure's true score due to unsystematic or
chance factors, present if you get different results when the same measure was used multiple times
Systematic Error - correct answer ✔✔aka bias, error that consistently pushes scores in a given direction,
worse than random error bc leads to inaccurate conclusions
Strategies for Minimizing Error - correct answer ✔✔standardization of experiments, reduce scorer biases
Observer/Scorer Bias - correct answer ✔✔misinterpreting an observation based on the researcher's
existing beliefs, previous experiences, expectations, etc
Ceiling Effect - correct answer ✔✔occurs when the upper boundary of a measurement tool is set too
low, leading everyone to select the highest response
Floor Effect - correct answer ✔✔occurs when the lower boundary of a measurement tool is set too high,
leading everyone to select the lowest response
Reliability - correct answer ✔✔stability or consistency of a measure
Validity - correct answer ✔✔the degree to which a tool measures what it claims to; to be valid, a
measure must first be reliable
Population - correct answer ✔✔the entire group of interest in a research study from which a sample is
drawn
Sample - correct answer ✔✔a subset of the population from which the researcher collects data
Sampling Plan - correct answer ✔✔explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the population;
goal is to represent the population you are sampling
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