100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
NR 507 CARDIOVASCULAR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024 $13.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NR 507 CARDIOVASCULAR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

 7 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
  • Institution
  • NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology

NR 507 CARDIOVASCULAR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

Preview 2 out of 8  pages

  • September 10, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
  • NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
avatar-seller
Performance
NR 507 CARDIOVASCULAR QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
CardiovascularLdisordersL-
LANSWERLCardiovascularLdisordersLareLprevalentLinLprimaryLcare.LManyLofLtheLdisordersLdevelopLoverLseve

ralLyears,LdueLtoLtheLriskLfactorsLtoLwhichLindividualsLhaveLbeenLexposed.LForLeachLdisorderLcoveredLinLthisL
unit,LaLdiscussionLofLriskLfactorsLwillLbeLincluded.LForLtheLconceptsLcoveredLbelow,LclinicalLapplicationLofLea
chLdiseaseLwillLbeLprovidedLsoLthatLstudentsLcanLunderstandLtheLimportanceLofLpathophysiologyLinLdiagnos
ingLandLtreatingLtheLdisease.



PrerequisiteLknowledge:

ForLthisLcontent,LyouLshouldLhaveLaLbasicLknowledgeLofLcardiacLanatomy;LknowLtheLdifferencesLbetweenLth
eLrightLandLleftLsidesLofLtheLheart,LinLtermsLofLstructureLandLfunction.LYouLshouldLalsoLpossessLsolidLknowle
dgeLofLtheLunidirectionalLbloodLflowLthroughLtheLheart.LForLexample,LdeoxygenatedLbloodLarrivesLtoLtheLrig
htLsideLofLtheLheart,LtravelsLtoLtheLpulmonaryLarteriesLtoLreleaseLCO2LandLpickLupLoxygen.LAtLthisLpoint,LtheL
oxygenatedLbloodLisLcarriedLfromLtheLlungsLthroughLtheLpulmonaryLveinsLtoLtheLleftLsideLofLtheLheartLwher
eLitLeventuallyLreachesLtheLaortaLtoLcarryLoxygenatedLbloodLoutLtoLtheLbodyLorgans.LTheLcellularLphysiology
LrelatedLtoLcardiacLcontractionLisLanotherLimportantLbasicLconceptLtoLknow,LasLelectrolytesL(sodium,Lpotass

iumLandLcalcium)LplayLaLmajorLroleLinLmuscleLcontraction.LFinally,LtheLconceptsLofLpreload,Lafterload,LandLc
ontractilityLareLessentialLtoLunderstand,LasLallLofLtheseLcanLbeLaffectedLinLsomeLwayLwhenLaLpersonLhasLcar
diovascularLdisease.



WhatLisLCoronaryLArteryLDiseaseL(CAD)?L-
LANSWERLCADLisLconsideredLtheLleadingLcauseLofLdeathLinLtheLUnitedLStatesL(U.S.).LItLisLtheLresultLofLlongsta

ndingLatherosclerosis.L



AtherosclerosisLbeginsLwithLdamageLtoLtheLendothelium.LItLisLtheLendothelium,LunderLnormalLfunctioningLt
hatLmaintainsLbalanceLbetweenLtheLvasoconstrictiveLandLvasodilationLactions,LpreventsLplateletsLfromLagg
regatingLandLcontrolLofLtheLproductionLofLfibrin.LWhenLtheLendotheliumLbecomesLdamaged,LourLfamiliarLin
flammatoryLprocessesLoccur.LMacrophagesLattachLtoLtheLendothelium,LsettingLupLphagocytosis;LplaqueLfor
mationLandLvasoconstrictionLalsoLoccursLmarkingLtheLbeginningLofLatherosclerosis.LTheLplaqueLlesionsLloca
tedLinLtheLvesselsLbecomeLenlargedLwhichLallowsLtheLplaqueLtoLprogressLwithinLtheLenlargedLvesselLlumen.
LTheLplaqueLlesionLdisruptsLnormalLbloodLflowLandLcausesLthrombusLformationLwhichLcanLbeLtriggeredLbyLc

ardiacLriskLfactorsLsuchLasLelevatedLLDL,Lcholesterol,LsmokingLandLdiabetes.L



So,LwhyLisLthisLaLproblem?L

Well,LtheLplaqueLtakesLdecadesLtoLdevelopLinLtheLcoronaryLarteries.LWithLmildLdisease,LbloodLflowLcanLgetLt
hroughLtheLarteriesLandLtheLpatientLisLasymptomatic.LOvertime,LthisLbuildLupLcanLleadLtoLnarrowingLwhichL

, resultsLinLdecreasedLoxygenLsupply.LWhenLatherosclerosisLreachesLaLclinicallyLsignificantLlevel,LtheLpatientL
willLbeginLtoLexperienceLangina.LFurtherLprogressionLofLtheLdiseaseLwillLresultLinLacuteLcoronaryLsyndromeL
(ACS),LformerlyLknownLasLmyocardialLinfarctionL(MI).



TheLmajorLriskLfactorLforLtheLdevelopmentLofLCADL-
LANSWERLTheLmajorLriskLfactorLforLtheLdevelopmentLofLCADLisLfamilyLhistory.LThereLisLaL50%LhigherLriskLforLi

ndividualsLtoLdevelopLheartLdiseaseLifLtheyLhaveLaLfirstLdegreeLrelativeL(especiallyLfather)LorLsiblingLwhoLhas
LsufferedLfromLACSLorLprematureLcardiacLdeathL(<LageL55Lyears).LLifestyleLalsoLimpactsLrisk,LespeciallyLtobac

coLuseLandLevenLsecondhandLsmokeLexposure.LItLisLalwaysLimportantLforLtheLNPLtoLstressLsmokingLcessatio
nLwithLallLpatientsLwhoLsmokeLtobacco,LinLorderLtoLdecreaseLtheLpatient'sLriskLforLCAD.LSedentaryLlifestyleL
willLalsoLincreaseLone'sLriskLforLdevelopingLCAD.LPhysicalLinactivityLcanLleadLtoLoverweightL(BMIL25-
29.9)LorLobesityL(BMIL30LandLabove).LMaleLgender,Lhypertension,LElevatedLtotalLcholesterol,LelevatedLlow-
densityLlipoproteinL(LDL),Land/orLdecreasedLhigh-
densityLlipoproteinL(HDL)LareLalsoLriskLfactors,LasLwellLasLdiabetesLmellitus.



MyocardialLischemiaL-
LANSWERLMyocardialLischemiaLisLtheLcauseLofLhisLchestLpain.LIschemiaLoccursLwhenLtheLheart'sLoxygenLde

mandLexceedsLsupply.LForLthisLpatient,LheLexperiencedLhisLchestLpainLduringLexercise.LIschemiaLoccurredLb
ecauseLofLtheLnarrowingLofLatLleastLoneLcoronaryLarteryLbyLatheroscleroticLplaques.LTheLresultLisLtheLnarro
wingLofLtheLdiameterLofLtheLcoronaryLartery.LThisLreducesLoxygenatedLbloodLflowLthroughLtheLarteryLthatLl
eadsLtoLanLinsufficientLoxygenLsupplyLtoLtheLheart.LAdenosineLisLalsoLreleasedLthatLstimulatesLsympatheticL
nerveLfibersLthatLcausesLatrialLandLventricularLcontraction.LInLaddition,LsympatheticLstimulationLoccursLatLt
heLupperLthoracicLdorsalLrootsLofLtheLspinalLcordLthatLleadsLtoLtheLarmLpain.



C.G.LhasLseveralLriskLfactorsLcontributingLtoLtheLdevelopmentLofLCAD:L-LANSWERL1)Lmale

2)LfamilyLhistoryLofLCAD

3)Lhypertension

4)Lsmoking



CADLshouldLstronglyLbeLsuspectedLandLfurtherLtestingLtoLassessLtheLextentLofLtheLpatient'sLdiseaseLincludin
g:L-
LANSWERLElectrocardiogramL(ECG),LcardiacLenzymesL&Ltroponin,Llipids,LandLcardiacLstressLtest.LInLmostLcas

es,LtheLpatientLwillLbeLreferredLtoLandLco-managedLbyLaLcardiologist.LTreatmentLwillLincludeLbothLnon-
pharmacologicalLandLpharmacologicalLmanagementLofLtheLdisease.



HeartLFailureL-
LANSWERLHeartLfailureLisLaLveryLcomplexLdiseaseLstateLthatLcanLbeLtheLresultLofLstructuralLorLfunctionalLimp

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Performance. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$13.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart