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NR 507 WEEK 4-8 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR 507 WEEK 4-8 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR 507 WEEK 4-8 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
LowerKUrinaryKTractKInfections
AKsymptomKofKaKlowerKurinaryKtractKinfectionKincludes:
A.KFever
B.KUrgency
C.KFlankKpain
D.KDecreasedKUrinationK-KANSWERKUrgencyKisKaKsymptomKofKlowerKtractKUTI..
UrinaryKTractKInfection
WhichKofKtheKfollowingKisKaKriskKfactorKforKtheKdevelopmentKofKaKurinaryKtractKinfectionK(UTI)?
A.KPerimenopause
B.KFrequentKshowering
C.KPregnancy
D.KMarathonKrunningK-KANSWERKPregnancyKisKaKriskKfactorKtheKdevelopmentKofKaKUTI.
ComplicatedKUrinaryKTractKInfections
WhichKofKtheKfollowingKisKtrueKregardingKaKcomplicatedKurinaryKtractKinfection?
A.KCanKbeKcausedKbyKaKstructuralKurinaryKtractKdisorder
B.KItKisKusuallyKasymptomatic
C.KIsKassociatedKwithKyoungKadults
D.KBacteriaKisKlocatedKmostlyKinKtheKlowerKurinaryKtractK-
KANSWERKAKcomplicatedKUTIKcanKbeKcausedKbyKaKstructuralKissueKinKtheKurinaryKtract.
UrinaryKTractKInfections
WomenKareKatKaKhigherKriskKforKtheKdevelopmentKofKaKUTIKbecauseKofKhavingKaKshorterKurethra.
True
FalseK-KANSWERKTrue:KWomenKhaveKaKshorterKurethraKthatKputsKthemKatKhigherKriskKforKdevelopingKaKUTI.
,PreventingKUTIs
WhichKofKtheKfollowingKcanKhelpKtoKpreventKaKUTI?
A.KUseKspermicidesKduringKsexualKintercourse
B.KTakingKmoreKVitaminKD
C.KDouchingKtoKpreventKtheKgrowthKofKbacteria
D.KIncreaseKwaterKconsumptionK-
KANSWERKIncreaseKwaterKconsumption.KWaterKconsumptionKpreventsKUTIKasKitKkeepsKbacteriaKflushedKout
KofKtheKurinaryKtract.
UrinaryKTractKInfections
UrinaryKtractKinfectionsK(UTI)KareKcommonlyKseenKinKclinicalKpractice.KBacteriaKfromKtheKgutKcanKinvadeKth
eKurinaryKepitheliumKtoKcauseKinflammationKandKinfectionKanywhereKalongKtheKurinaryKtractKsuchKasKtheKu
rethra,Kbladder,Kureter,KorKkidney.KSomeKindividualsKareKpredisposedKtoKdevelopingKaKUTI.KItKisKmoreKcomm
onKforKwomenKtoKdevelopKaKUTIKespeciallyKwhenKpregnant,KsexuallyKactive,KduringKpost-
menopauseKwithKestrogen-
deficiencyKandKwhenKbeingKtreatedKwithKantibioticsKwhereKtheKnormalKbacteriaKfloraKisKdiminished.KAlthou
ghKlessKcommon,KmenKmayKdevelopKaKlowerKUTI.KAnKupperKUTIKisKlessKcommonKinKmenKdueKtoKtheKlongerK
urethraKandKureterKstructuresKthatKmakeKitKmoreKdifficultKforKbacteriaKtoKreachKtheKkidney.KAnKindwellingKu
rinaryKcatheterKcanKalsoKcontributeKtheKdevelopmentKofKaKUTI.KFinally,KindividualsKwhoKexperienceKurinary
Kobstruction,KdiabetesKorKneurogenicKbladderKareKalsoKatKriskKforKdeK-KANSWERK
UTIKRiskKFactors
ThereKareKseveralKriskKfactorsKthatKpredisposeKindividualsKtoKtheKdevelopmentKofKaKUTI.KForKwomen,Kpregn
ancyKisKaKriskKfactor.KDuringKpregnancy,KprogesteroneKrelaxesKsmoothKmuscleKthatKcausesKstasisKofKurine,Ka
llowingKtheKbacteriaKtoKcolonize.KAlso,KtheKfemaleKureterKisKshorterKandKallowsKforKtheKentranceKofKbacteri
aKintoKtheKurethra.
Post-
menopausalKwomenKareKalsoKatKriskKforKdevelopingKaKUTI.KTheKlackKofKestrogenKresultsKinKvaginalKandKuret
hralKdrynessKthatKpromotesKanKenvironmentKforKbacteriaKtoKgrow.KSexualKintercourseKalsoKcontributesKtoKt
heKdevelopmentKofKaKUTIKwhereKbacteriaKcanKbeKeasilyKintroducedKintoKtheKurethra.KIfKspermicidesKareKuse
dKduringKsexualKintercourse,KthisKalsoKputsKtheKwomanKatKriskKforKaKUTI.
IndwellingKurinaryKcatheterizationKisKalsoKaKmajorKcauseKofKaKUTI,KespeciallyKinKfemales.KTheKcatheterKitself
KcanKintroduceKinfectionsKdirectlyKintoKtheKbladder.KTheKbacteriaKwillKcoloniK-KANSWERK
LowerKvs.KUpperKTractKDisorders
,AKUTIKcanKbeKdiscussedKinKtermsKofKitsKlocation.KNoteKthatKaKUTIKcanKoccurKanywhereKalongKtheKurinaryKtra
ctKandKcanKbeKassociatedKwithKanotherKissueKinKtheKarea.KForKexample,KifKtheKinfectionKoccursKatKtheKopeni
ngKofKtheKurethra,KthenKtheKconditionKisKtermedKurethritis.KOverall,KcystitisKisKaKconditionKofKtheKlowerKurin
aryKtractKthatKdenotesKaKbladderKinfection.KCystitisKcanKoccurKinKbothKfemalesKandKmales.KInKmales,KtheKcys
titisKmayKbeKassociatedKwithKprostatitis.
RecognizingKtheKsignsKandKsymptomsKofKtheKUTIKisKimportantKinKcategorizingKitKasKeitherKaKlowerKorKupperK
urinaryKtractKdisorder.KInKaKlowerKurinaryKtractKdisorder,KtheKindividualKexperiencesKurgencyKassociatedKwit
hKburningKonKurination.KOtherKcommonKsymptomsKofKaKlowerKUTIKisKfrequency,Kdysuria,KandKsuprapubicKp
ain.KTheKurineKmayKalsoKappearKcloudyKandKhaveKanKodor.
AnKinfectionKofKtheKlowerKurinaryKtractKcanKprogressKtoKanK-KANSWERK
UncomplicatedKvs.KComplicatedKUrinaryKTractKInfectionsK(UTI)
AKUTIKmayKbeKclassifiedKasKcomplicatedKorKuncomplicatedKinKtermsKofKitsKseverity.KAnKuncomplicatedKUTIKi
ndicatesKthatKtheKurinaryKtractKandKrenalKfunctionKisKnormal.KInKaKcomplicatedKUTI,KthereKisKdecreasedKren
alKfunctionKandKanKabnormalKurinaryKtract.KInKdifferentiatingKbetweenKaKlowerKandKupperKUTIKabove,KtheKp
resenceKofKWBCKcastsKindicatesKtheKpresenceKofKkidneyKinvolvementKwhichKrequiresKaKmoreKcomplicatedKt
reatmentKplan.KTheKpatientKisKalsoKatKhigherKriskKforKextensiveKandKpermanentKkidneyKdamageKasKwellKasKs
epsis.KIfKsepsisKisKsuspected,KaKbloodKcultureKmayKbeKdrawnKtoKidentifyKtheKcausativeKorganismKorKruleKitKo
ut.
TheKseverityKofKtheKUTIKcanKalsoKbeKdeterminedKbasedKonKtheKinterventionsKthatKareKnecessaryKtoKtreatKth
eKinfection.KTheKmoreKinterventionKrequired,KtheKmoreKcomplicatedKtheKinfection.KInKgeneral,KindividualsKa
reKtreatedKforKaKUTIKonlyKwheK-KANSWERKUncomplicatedKUTI
OccursKinKtheKnormalKurinaryKtract
SimpleKcystitisKinKnon-pregnantKwomenKwithoutKanyKurologicKabnormalities
RespondsKwellKtoKaKshortKcourseKofKantibioticKtherapy
ComplicatedKUTI
AKUTIKthatKextendsKbeyondKtheKbladder
CausedKbyKstructuralKorKfunctionalKurinaryKtractKabnormalitiesKorKuntreatedKUTI
InfantsKandKolderKadultsKaffected
AssociatedKwith:
indwellingKcatheters
renalKcalculi
, Diabetes
Pregnancy
CommonKOrganismsKthatKCauseKUrinaryKTractKInfections
TheKmostKcommonKorganismsKthatKcauseKaKUTIKisKEscherichiaKcoliK(E.KColi),KStaphylococcusKsaprophyticus,K
ProteusKMirabilis,KandKKlebsiella.KE.KcoliKcausesKapproximatelyK80%KofKtheKcasesKofKUTIKbecauseKitKisKtheKm
ostKcommonKorganismKcontainedKinKtheKfecalKmatterKthatKisKeasilyKaccessibleKfromKtheKanusKtoKtheKurethra
.KBacteriaKenterKtheKurethraKandKcolonizeKinKtheKbladderKtoKeventuallyKcauseKaKUTI.KInKhealthyKindividuals,K
theyKcanKmaintainKaKsterileKurinaryKtractKandKbladder.KEvenKwhenKbacteriaKenterKtheKbladder,KtheKimmuneK
defensesKcanKpreventKitKfromKclingingKtoKtheKwallsKofKtheKbladderKorKtheKupperKurinaryKtract.KAKUTIKwillKocc
urKwhenKbacteriaKoverwhelmKtheKindividual'sKdefenseKmechanismsKallowingKitKtoKquicklyKreproduce.
AKurinalysisKisKusedKtoKdiagnoseKaKUTI.KIfKnitritesKareKpresent,KthisKindicatesKthatKtheKcausativeKorganismKisK
gramKnegative.KAKurineKcultureKmayK-KANSWERK
UsingKtheKUrinalysisKtoKDiagnoseKaKUrinaryKTractKInfection
AKurinalysisKcanKbeKusedKinKaKcoupleKofKwaysKtoKdiagnosisKaKUTI.KAKdipstickKcanKbeKusedKtoKidentifyKleukocy
teKesteraseKandKnitrites.KNitritesKdetectKtheKpresenceKofKtheKEnterobacteriaceaeK(gramKnegativeKbacteria)K
familyKthatKconvertsKnitratesKintoKnitrites.KItKisKimportantKtoKalsoKnoteKthatKsomeKbacteriaKareKunableKtoKpr
oduceKnitrites.KThisKisKtheKcaseKofKEnterococcus.KTherefore,KtheKindividualKmayKstillKhaveKaKUTIKevenKifKnitri
tesKareKnotKpresentKviaKtheKdipstick.KTheKpresenceKofKnitritesKisKtheKmostKspecificKfindingKandKhasKtheKhigh
estKpositiveKpredictiveKvalue.
LeukocyteKesterase,KWBCsKandKevenKbacteriaKonKmicroscopicKexamKareKnotKspecificKandKtherefore,KdoKnotK
necessarilyKindicateKinfection.KTheKdiagnosisKofKaKUTIKneedsKtoKalsoKconsiderKtheKpresenceKofKsymptomsKa
ndKaKpositiveKurineKcultureKifKoneKisKcompleted.KItKisKtypicallyKnotKcompletedKinKaKyoung,KandK-KANSWERK
PatientKEducation
TheKNPKshouldKtakeKadvantageKofKtheKopportunityKtoKeducateKpatientsKonKtheKpreventionKofKUTIsKwhileKth
eKpatientKisKinKtheKoffice.KSomeKofKtheKmostKbasicKinformationKtoKconveyKtoKaKpatientKis:
DrinkKmoreKwater.
AlthoughKthereKareKdifferencesKofKopinions,KcranberryKjuiceKandKvitaminKCKcanKhelpKtoKacidifyKtheKurine.
UrinateKbeforeKandKafterKsexualKintercourseKtoKremoveKbacteriaKfromKtheKurethralKarea.
EncourageKtheKfemaleKtoKavoidKholdingKurineKforKextendedKperiodsKofKtime.
AvoidKtheKuseKofKhygieneKspraysKandKspermicidesKbecauseKtheyKalterKtheKnormalKmicrobialKfloraKtoKenhanc
eKtheKriskKforKinfection.
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