NR 566 Final Questions &
Answers 100% Correct.
How to respond to missed doses or changing of contraceptive types from one to another? - ANSWER
For products that use a 28-day cycle, the following recommendations from the Centers for Disease
Control apply:
• If one or more pills are missed in the first week, take one pill as soon as possible and then continue
with the pack. Use an additional form of contraception for 7 days.
• If one or two pills are missed during the second or third week, take one pill as soon as possible and
then continue with the active pills in the pack but skip the placebo pills and go straight to a new pack
once all the active pills have been taken.
• If three or more pills are missed during the second or third week, follow the same instructions
given for missing one or two pills but use an additional form of contraception for 7 days.
For combination OCs that use an extended or continuous cycle, up to 7 days can be missed? -
ANSWER with little or no increased risk for pregnancy provided that the pills had been taken
continuously for the prior 3 weeks.
If one or more doses is missed or taken greater than 3 hours after the scheduled dose, the following
guidelines apply: - ANSWER -If one pill is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered and
backup contraception should be used for at least 2 days. The pills should be resumed as scheduled
on the next day.
-If two pills are missed, the regimen should be restarted and backup contraception should be used
for at least 2 days.
-If two or more pills are missed and no menstrual bleeding occurs, a pregnancy test should be done.
Types of contraceptives and which would be best for specific patient scenarios - ANSWER
Combination OCs should be avoided by women with certain cardiovascular disorders (see later) as
, well as by women older than 35 years who smoke. For women in these categories, an alternative
method (e.g., diaphragm, progestin-only pill, or IUD) is preferable.
when sexual activity is limited, and if individual has multiple partners use of a spermicide, condom,
or diaphragm may be more appropriate. Because barrier methods combined with spermicides can
offer some protection against STDs (as well as providing contraception)
If adherence is a problem (as it can be with OCs, condoms, and diaphragms), usterm-16e of a long-
term method (e.g., vaginal contraceptive ring, IUD, Nexplanon, Depo-Provera) can confer more
reliable protection.
What effect does CYP450 inhibitors or inducers have on OCs? o Recall examples of CYP450 inhibitors
and inducers from NR565 (Chapter 4 in textbook) o How does this impact prescribing of OCs? -
ANSWER Inhibitors: Inducers:
Acyclovir Carbamazepine
Ciprofloxacin Phenobarbital
Ethinyl estradiol Phenytoin
Fluvoxamine Primidone
Isoniazid Rifampin
Norfloxacin Ritonavir
Oral contraceptives Tobacco
Zafirlukast St. John's wort
Zileuton
As a rule, high-estrogen OCs are reserved for women taking drugs that induce P450.
- Transdermal estrogen therapy has fewer adverse effects. - ANSWER Compared with oral
formulations, the transdermal formulations have four advantages:
• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke.
Answers 100% Correct.
How to respond to missed doses or changing of contraceptive types from one to another? - ANSWER
For products that use a 28-day cycle, the following recommendations from the Centers for Disease
Control apply:
• If one or more pills are missed in the first week, take one pill as soon as possible and then continue
with the pack. Use an additional form of contraception for 7 days.
• If one or two pills are missed during the second or third week, take one pill as soon as possible and
then continue with the active pills in the pack but skip the placebo pills and go straight to a new pack
once all the active pills have been taken.
• If three or more pills are missed during the second or third week, follow the same instructions
given for missing one or two pills but use an additional form of contraception for 7 days.
For combination OCs that use an extended or continuous cycle, up to 7 days can be missed? -
ANSWER with little or no increased risk for pregnancy provided that the pills had been taken
continuously for the prior 3 weeks.
If one or more doses is missed or taken greater than 3 hours after the scheduled dose, the following
guidelines apply: - ANSWER -If one pill is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered and
backup contraception should be used for at least 2 days. The pills should be resumed as scheduled
on the next day.
-If two pills are missed, the regimen should be restarted and backup contraception should be used
for at least 2 days.
-If two or more pills are missed and no menstrual bleeding occurs, a pregnancy test should be done.
Types of contraceptives and which would be best for specific patient scenarios - ANSWER
Combination OCs should be avoided by women with certain cardiovascular disorders (see later) as
, well as by women older than 35 years who smoke. For women in these categories, an alternative
method (e.g., diaphragm, progestin-only pill, or IUD) is preferable.
when sexual activity is limited, and if individual has multiple partners use of a spermicide, condom,
or diaphragm may be more appropriate. Because barrier methods combined with spermicides can
offer some protection against STDs (as well as providing contraception)
If adherence is a problem (as it can be with OCs, condoms, and diaphragms), usterm-16e of a long-
term method (e.g., vaginal contraceptive ring, IUD, Nexplanon, Depo-Provera) can confer more
reliable protection.
What effect does CYP450 inhibitors or inducers have on OCs? o Recall examples of CYP450 inhibitors
and inducers from NR565 (Chapter 4 in textbook) o How does this impact prescribing of OCs? -
ANSWER Inhibitors: Inducers:
Acyclovir Carbamazepine
Ciprofloxacin Phenobarbital
Ethinyl estradiol Phenytoin
Fluvoxamine Primidone
Isoniazid Rifampin
Norfloxacin Ritonavir
Oral contraceptives Tobacco
Zafirlukast St. John's wort
Zileuton
As a rule, high-estrogen OCs are reserved for women taking drugs that induce P450.
- Transdermal estrogen therapy has fewer adverse effects. - ANSWER Compared with oral
formulations, the transdermal formulations have four advantages:
• The total dose of estrogen is greatly reduced (because the liver is bypassed).
• There is less nausea and vomiting.
• Blood levels of estrogen fluctuate less.
• There is a lower risk for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke.
