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Nur 213 - Test 6 With Questions And Correct Answers Latest Version
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Nur 213 - Test 6 With Questions And Correct Answers Latest Version
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Nur 213 - Test 6 With Questions And CorrectAnswers Latest Version
dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Answer: - systolic dysfunction, less effective in pumping blood
- most common (middle aged men)
- L ventricle enlarged and stretched (worse than R)
- fibrosis of myocardium and endocardium
- damaged myofibrils and myocardial metabolism
- decreased BP and contractility, increased HR
- poor prognosis if R side of heart is affected too
Causes
- alcohol abuse
- chemotherapy
- infection and inflammation
- poor nutrition and lifestyle
- genetics
S/S
- Afib, heart block, S3 or S4
- palpitations, DOE
- syncope, SOB, weakness, fatigue, altered LOC, angina, narrow pulse pressure, murmurs, dysrhythmias,
emboli, cardiomegaly
2024
,Tx
- ACEI, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, digoxin, diuretics
- low sodium, low fat diet
- pacemaker, ICD
- heart transplant
- rest, exercise, stop smoking, stress reduction
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) Answer: ****most deadly cardiomyopathy****
- asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy/thickening
- myocardial fiber disarray
- stiff left ventricle, filling abnormalities, diastolic dysfunction
- small ventricles and L atrial dilation
- decreased cardiac output, O2
- more severe in childhood
- obstructive or nonobstructive
- thick, hard septum
Causes
- hereditary (single gene autosomal dominant)
S/S
****sudden death (septum obstructs aortic valve)****
- syncope, DOE, HF, S4 gallop, mild cardiomegaly, palpitations, angina @ rest not relieved by nitrates,
ventricular dysrhythmias, L ventricular hypertrophy
- obstructive presents similar as nonobstructive but with mitral regurgitation murmur and Afib
2024
, Tx
- antidysrhythmics, cardioversion of Afib
- beta blocker
- nitrates and vasodilators contraindicated in obstructive form
- percutaneous alcohol septal ablation, ventriculomyotomy or muscle resection with mitral valve
replacement
- myectomy to make septum smaller
restrictive cardiomyopathy Answer: ****rarest type****
- genetics, mostly affects older people
- stiff ventricles make it hard for top chambers to fill
poor prognosis
- decreased CO, O2
- fluid buildup, refill problem, high pressure in ventricles and atria
- can lead to ARVC
Causes
- primary or secondary (from endocardial/myocardial disease like sarcoidosis or amyloidosis)
- hemochromatosis (iron buildup in heart muscle)
- connective tissue disease
- radiation and chemo
S/S
- syncope, restlessness, angina, fatigue, crackles, weakness
2024
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