Exam (elaborations)
NR 503 Week 8 Final
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Exam of 5 pages for the course NR 503 at NR 503 (NR 503 Week 8 Final)
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NR 503 Midterm ChamberlainThe study of disease distribution within populations and the risk factors that affect
increases or decreases in distribution. - ANSWER Epidemiology
Focuses on risk, data, demographics and outcomes - ANSWER Population Health
The end result that follows an intervention - ANSWER Outcome
A group of persons who share one or more traits or characteristics without
necessarily having had any direct social connection.
Examples:
Female doctors (all are female, all are doctors, all are both) - ANSWER Aggregate
Composed of multiple aggregates - ANSWER Community
Compiled information - ANSWER Data
Measures the existence of all current cases within a time frame
Think: Prev-A-lence = ALL or (P)resence - ANSWER Prevalence
Measures the appearance of new cases
Think: What is "in" is "new" - ANSWER Incidence
Is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of
health data to help guide public health decision making and action. - ANSWER
Surveillance
Increased chance of poor health outcome - ANSWER High Risk
The presence of disease/illness in a population or aggregate
Morbidity = disease
The 2 primary measures are incidence and prevalence. - ANSWER Morbidity
Related to the tracking of deaths within a population or aggregate
Mortality = deaths - ANSWER Mortality
The prevention of disease before it occurs
Examples: Immunization. Healthy diet. Exercise. - ANSWER Primary Prevention
Screening and diagnosis of disease
Examples: Mammogram. Colonoscopy. Imaging (CT, X-ray, MRI). - ANSWER
Secondary Prevention
, Consists of interventions aimed to facilitate the rehabilitation of the patient to the
highest level of functioning while addressing the risk factors that could further result
in the deterioration of the patient's health
Examples: Cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs. - ANSWER Tertiary
Prevention
Instruments with the goal of reducing and/or preventing morbidity and mortality. -
ANSWER Screening Tool
Detect early disease indicators or risk factors for disease in large numbers of
apparently healthy individuals
Results indicate a suspicion of disease
Examples: pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy, endoscopy, - ANSWER
Screening Test
Confirms the presence of disease.
Typically used in a symptomatic individual to establish diagnosis, or asymptomatic
individuals with a positive screening test
Examples: biopsy, MRI, X-ray, nuclear medicine scan, CT scan - ANSWER
Diagnostic Test
The ability of that test to distinguish correctly who has a disease. Based on the
specificity and sensitivity of the screening or diagnostic test - ANSWER Validity
Depends mostly on how well a study is conducted.
Does the study measure what it was supposed to measure? - ANSWER Internal
Validity
How applicable the study findings are to the real world.
Can the generalizability of the results be applied to other populations? - ANSWER
External Validity
Ability of a test to correctly identify those who do not have the disease
True negatives! - ANSWER Specificity
Ability of a test to correctly identify those who have a disease
True positives! - ANSWER Sensitivity
The two primary measures of morbidity are incidence and prevalence. - ANSWER
Measures of Morbidity
Incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates are three frequency measures that are
used to characterize the occurrence of health events in a population - ANSWER
Measures of Frequency
The number of affected persons present in the population at a specific time divided
by the number of persons in the population at that same time. - ANSWER
Prevalence Rate
How quickly disease occurs in a population.
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