Exam (elaborations)
NR 503 Week 8 Final
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Exam of 6 pages for the course NR 503 at NR 503 (NR 503 Week 8 Final)
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NR 503 Week 8 Finalepidemiology - ANSWER The science of public health. study of distribution and
determinants of health-related states among specified populations and the
application of that study to the control of health problems
Population health - ANSWER Focuses on risk, data, demographics and outcomes
Outcome - ANSWER the end result of an intervention
Aggregate - ANSWER defined population
community - ANSWER composed of multiple aggregates
Prevalance - ANSWER measures the existence of all current cases within a
timeframe
Incidence - ANSWER measures the appearance of all new cases within a time
frame
surveillance - ANSWER collection, analysis, dissemination of data
High risk - ANSWER increased chance of a poor outcome
Morbidity - ANSWER presence of illness or disease
mortality - ANSWER related to tracking of deaths within an aggregate
Primary prevention - ANSWER intervening before health effects occur through
measures such as vaccination, altering risky behavior (poor eating habits, tobacco
use) and banning substances known to be associated with a disease or health
condition.
Secondary prevention - ANSWER screening to identify disease in their earliest
stages, before the onset of s/sx, through measures such as mammography and bp
testing
Tertiary prevention - ANSWER managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop
disease progression through measures such as chemo, rehab, screening for
complications
Interprofessional collaboration - ANSWER When physicians, pharmacists,
educators, etc. work together to improve the quality of care of patients
Quantitative data - ANSWER described in numbers and shows how often and to
what degree something occurs. Objective, standardized and easily analyzed
(statistics, survey data, records, archival dates)
, Qualitative data - ANSWER described in words and explains why. Answers "why"
or "why not" or "what does it mean". Subjective (focus groups, key informant
interviews, case studies, storytelling, and observations)
Vital statistics - ANSWER # Birth rates, death rates, . Quantitative data
Social justice - ANSWER Justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunity,
and privileges within a society
Health inequalities - ANSWER Differences in health status or in the distribution of
health determinants between different populations
morbidity - ANSWER the rate of disease in a population
mortality - ANSWER the # of deaths in a given period for a particular disease
Cases - ANSWER an instance of disease or problem
Determinants of health - ANSWER personal, social, economic, and environmental
factors that influence health status
Risk analysis - ANSWER process of identifying and analyzing potential issues that
negatively impact health
Campaign for Action - ANSWER Transforming health care through nursing. Goals
are based on IOM. Future of nursing report works on 7 major interrelated issues
Descriptive epidemiology - ANSWER covers time, place, and person.
epidemiologist can identify areas or groups within the population that have high rates
of disease.
Rates - ANSWER knowledge of how illness and injury are distributed within a
population. Useful in identifying trends and evaluate outcomes and can allow for
comparisons within and between groups
Rate equation - ANSWER # of events that occur during specified time divided by
the average population at risk and then multiplied by a constant
Period prevalence rate - ANSWER Measures the # of cases of a disease during a
specific period of time and is the measure of burden. All new cases and old cases
are included
Point prevalence rate - ANSWER # of casns of disease at a specific point in time
Case fatality rates - ANSWER measure of severity of disease (infectious diseases).
Not a true rate, is the measurement of the probability of death among diagnosed
cases. Helps determine when to use a screening tool.
5 W's of descriptive epidemiology - ANSWER What, Who, Where, When, Why/How
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