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Test Bank For Clinical Immunology and Serology A Laboratory Perspective
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Test Bank For Clinical Immunology and Serology A Laboratory Perspective
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Test Bank For Clinical Immunology and Serology ALaboratory Perspective, 4th Edition, Christine
Dorresteyn Stevens, Linda E. Miller.
Study of a host's reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body -
ANSWER Immunology
Foreign substances that induce a host response - ANSWER Antigens
The condition of being resistant to infection - ANSWER Immunity
Successfully prevented infection with smallpox by injecting a more harmless
substance- cowpox from a disease affecting cows - ANSWER Edward Jenner
Father of immunology- observed by chance that older bacterial cultures would not
cause diseases in chickens (first attenuated vaccine)
Used attenuation to prevent rabies in affected individuals - ANSWER Louis Pasteur
Change- make a pathogen less virulent (heat, aging, or chemical means) - ANSWER
Attenuation
Cells that eat- part of natural or innate host defense - ANSWER Phagocytes
specific immunity produced by B cells (plasma cells) that produce antibodies that
circulate in body fluids - ANSWER humoral immunity
Serum proteins produced by certain lymphocytes when exposed to a foreign
substance and they react specifically with that foreign substance - ANSWER
Antibodies
The individual's ability to resist infection by means of normally present body functions
- ANSWER Innate (natural) immunity
Type of resistance that is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or
microbial agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure - ANSWER Adaptive
immunity
White blood cells in the peripheral blood that play a key role in both innate and
adaptive immunity - ANSWER Leukocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes - ANSWER 5 principal
types of leukocytes in peripheral blood
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes - ANSWER Innate immune cells in
periphery
,Lymphocytes - ANSWER Adaptive immune cells in periphery
Mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells - ANSWER Tissue cell lines
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) - ANSWER All blood cells arise from a type of cell
Common myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid precursors (CLP) -
ANSWER HSC gives rise to two distinct types of precursor cells:
Phagocytic cells: Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils,
Erythrocytes, Platelets - ANSWER The common myeloid precursor gives rise to:
T/NK progenitors (T and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B cell and dendritic cells) -
ANSWER The common lymphoid precursor gives rise to:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte
50-75% of total peripheral WBCs in adults - ANSWER Neutrophils
Contains antimicrobial products such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, elastase,
proteinase-3, cathepsin G, and defensins - ANSWER Azurophilic or primary
granules
Lysozyme, lactoferrin, collagenase, gelatinase, and respiratory burst components -
ANSWER secondary granules
Passage of white blood cells through intact vessel walls into tissue - ANSWER
Diapedesis
chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a particular direction - ANSWER
Chemotaxins
1-3% of the circulating WBCs in a nonallergic person - ANSWER Eosinophils
Catalase, lysozyme, cytokines (chemical messengers), growth factors, and cationic
proteins - ANSWER Eosinophil granules
Attack parasites and toxic proteins and allergic responses. Regulation of mast cell
function - ANSWER Role of eosinophils
<1% in peripheral blood
Short lifespan - ANSWER Basophil
histamine, cytokines, growth factors, and heparin - ANSWER Basophil granules
Contracts smooth muscle - ANSWER Function of histamine
Regulate T helper cell responses and stimulate B cells to produce IgE - ANSWER
Basophil function
Largest cells in peripheral blood
, 4-10% of total circulating WBCs
up to 30h and migrate into tissue to become macrophages - ANSWER Monocytes
1- peroxidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase
2- B-glucuronidase, lysozyme, lipase - ANSWER Monocytes granules
Tissue monocytes
Contain no peroxidase
Named according to a tissue location
Lifespan- months - ANSWER Macrophages
Microbial killing, anti-tumor activity, intracellular parasite eradication, phagocytosis,
secretion cell mediators
Present antigens to T and B cells - ANSWER Macrophage role
Released by T lymphocytes during immune response
Chemical messengers which enhance macrophage killing activity - ANSWER
Cytokines
Long lifespan 9-18 months - ANSWER Mast cells
acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, protease, and histamine - ANSWER Mast
cell granules
Allergic reactions
Antigen-presenting cells
Enhance and suppress the adaptive immune response - ANSWER Mast cell role
Phagocytosis
Antigen-presenting cells - ANSWER Dendritic cells
20-40% circulating WBCs
adaptive immune response - ANSWER Lymphocytes
- Surface proteins
- Act as markers of recognition for lymphocytes - ANSWER Clusters of
Differentiation (CD)
Bone marrow
Membrane-bound antibodies: IgM and IgD
Surface proteins CD19, CD21, MHC class II - ANSWER B Cells
Lymphocyte precursors; enter the thymus from the bone marrow - ANSWER
Thymocytes
T cells produce cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, assist in killing
tumor cells or infect target cells - ANSWER Cell mediated immunity
helper, cytotoxic, regulatory - ANSWER 3 types of T cells
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