Honors Biology Final Exam Questions and Complete Solutions
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Course
Honors Biology
Institution
Honors Biology
Which macromolecules are enzymes? proteins
Describe the difference between endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions ENDOTHERMIC: absorbs energy EXOTHERMIC: releases energy
Endothermic absorbs energy
Exothermic releases energy
Describe the five factors that affect the rate of chemical react...
Honors Biology Final Exam Questions
and Complete Solutions
Which macromolecules are enzymes? ✅proteins
Describe the difference between endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions
✅ENDOTHERMIC: absorbs energy
EXOTHERMIC: releases energy
Endothermic ✅absorbs energy
Exothermic ✅releases energy
Describe the five factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions. ✅1. Temperature
2. Ph
3. Substrate Concentration
4. Catalysts
5. Competitive inhibitor
Describe the structure of an ATP molecule. What is included in the molecule? ✅-
Nitrogen base (adenine)
- Sugar ring (ribose)
- 3 Phosphate groups (held by high energy bonds)
Write and interpret the chemical formula for photosynthesis. Label the reactants and
products. ✅FORMULA: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → (solar energy) → C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
REACTANTS: CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water)
PRODUCTS: C6 H12 O6 (glucose) and O2 (oxygen)
If you place a candle in a glass jar it will go out. If you place a candle in a glass jar with
a plant it is able to stay burning for much longer. What does the Candle and Plant
experiment prove about plants? ✅Fire needs oxygen in order to burn. So, this proves
that plants release oxygen during photosynthesis.
Describe the three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis ✅1. Light intensity
2. Amount of CO2
3. Temperature
Why does coral bleaching occur? Give details on what's physically happening to the
coral and why ✅Coral bleaching occurs when the temperature and sunlight goes up so
the coral colonies have to spit out their symbionts. This is because the photosystems
that turn that light into energy are receiving too much energy and break. However, that
, excess energy is then turned into reactive oxygen molecules. This damages the coral
cell and cause it to spit the symbiont out.
How is cellular respiration similar to photosynthesis? How are they different? ✅-
Cellular Respiration uses the same equation as photosynthesis but in reverse.
- Photosynthesis is endothermic. Cellular Respirations is Exothermic
- Cellular respiration products: H2O and CO2. Photosynthesis products: C6H12O6 and
O2
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration? Which would
create more energy? How much more? ✅AEROBIC: O2 present (36-38 ATP)
ANAEROBIC: O2 absent (2-4 ATP)
Why do we need oxygen? (I want good details on this, NOT "we need it to live/breathe")
✅We need oxygen for cellular respiration in order to make more energy than we spend
What is the NET amount of ATP you would get from 3 glucose molecules and 6 O2
molecules? ✅38
What is the rule of ten and what does it describe? ✅As energy flows from organism to
organism it is used for metabolism and/or converted to heat. Because of this the next
organism on the chain only receives 10% of the energy obtained in the previous level.
Meaning that the other 90% is used or lost as heat.
What are the two main sources of energy on our planet? What type of organisms can
directly use that energy? ✅1. Sun
2. Geothermal
Autotrophs can directly obtain their energy from these sources
What is the difference between primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary
consumers? What gets the most energy and what gets the least? ✅PRIMARY: After
producers. Gets 10%
SECONDARY: After Primary. Gets 1%
TERTIARY: Top of pyramid. 0.1%
Explain the significance of detrivores (decomposers) in a food chain/foodweb. ✅They
break down dead matter and recycle the nutrients.
Explain the base pairing rules of DNA. ✅The bases can only be bonded to their
complementary base pair:
A's → T's (2 Hydrogen bonds)
C's → G's (3 Hydrogen bonds)
Describe the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA
replication. ✅LEADING: replicates continuously. ONE RNA primer
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