Exam (elaborations)
PMCOL 343- CV I TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
- Course
- Institution
PMCOL 343- CV I TEST WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION...
[Show more]
Content preview
PMCOL 343- CV I TEST WITHCOMPLETE SOLUTION
What is Ca+ important for in the body - Answer Contraction, excitation, and secretion
Does calcium exist in higher levels outside of the cell or inside the cell - Answer Higher
levels outside
What are the 2 main storage organelles for calcium - Answer The endoplasmic /
sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
Describe how voltage gated calcium channels regulate the amount of ca entering the
cell - Answer These channels open when depolarized, and Ca++ flows into the cell via
the electrochemical gradient
Describe how ligand gated calcium channels regulate the amount of ca entering the cell
- Answer These channels open via the presence of an agonist, and Ca++ flows in
Describe how store operated calcium channels regulate the amount of ca entering the
cell - Answer These channels open when intracellular calcium stores are depleted, and
Ca++ flows in
Describe how GPCRs regulate the amount of ca entering the cell - Answer These
channels, under stimulation of an agonist, activate IP3 signalling, which interacts with
the IP3 R, increasing Ca++ from the ER
Describe how ryanodine receptors regulate the amount of ca entering the cell - Answer
When stimulated, they release Ca++ from ER storage
There are several different types of voltage gated Ca++ channels, L,N,P,R, and T, which
are involved in NT release - Answer N-type and P-type
There are several different types of voltage gated Ca++ channels, L,N,P,R, and T, which
are involved in heart and smooth muscle - Answer L-type
Name 3 drugs that inhibit voltage gated Ca++ channels - Answer Verapamil, diltiazem,
nifedipine
What class of drugs is nifedipine - Answer A dihydropyridine (DHPs)
Out of the three previously listed drugs, which are used to treat hypertension - Answer
Nifedipine (DHPs)
Out of the three previously listed drugs, which are used to treat angina and
supraventricular arrhythmias - Answer Verapamil and diltiazem
, What ligand gated channels cause glutamate toxicity - Answer NMDA type Ca++
channels
What is considered to be the only true ligand gated ion channel in smooth muscle -
Answer ATP-gated P2X channels
What process occurs when intracellular Ca++ stores are depleted - Answer Causes
STIM1 to accumulate at locations where the ER is close to the plasma membrane
The ER / STIM1 interaction with what channel allows for Ca++ to enter the ER - Answer
Ca++ released activated Ca++ (CRAC channels)
Describe the function of the plasma membrane pump - Answer Keeps the cytoplasmic
Ca++ low by pumping it out of the cell
What is necessary for the function of the plasma membrane pump - Answer ATP energy
needed to transport Ca++ against concentration gradients
Describe the function of the SERCA pump - Answer Keeps cytoplasmic Ca++ low by
pumping it into the ER / SR (ATP needed)
What drugs blocks the reuptake of Ca++ into the ER - Answer Thapsigargin
What would be the result of blocking the ATP SERCA pump - Answer Promotes cellular
contraction (higher Ca++ in the cytosol)
Describe the mechanism of action that allows the NCX to transport Ca++ out of the cell -
Answer Uses the energy from the Na+ gradient (high Na+ outside, low Na+ inside) to
bring Na+ in, and pump out Ca++
The NCX brings in 3 Na+ for every 1 Ca++ pumped out, what does this result in - Answer
Makes the cell more positive (electrogenic), which can cause depolarization of the cell
What occurs when the NCX brings in too much Na+, reducing the Na+ gradient - Answer
NCX goes into "reverse mode activity," which can result in accumulation of Ca++ in the
cell
What type of receptor is the IP3R - Answer A ligand gated ion channel (in the SR / ER)
Describe why Gq linked receptors elevate Ca++ (2) - Answer PIP2 breakdown into IP3
and DAG; DAG can induce Ca++ release via PKC actions, and IP3 can cause Ca++
release from the ER / SR
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Zayla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80189 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now