What is nephrotic syndrome? Correct Ans-A condition of increased glomerular
permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and
then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? Correct Ans--*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? Correct Ans-
3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? Correct Ans--immunosuppressant agents (if
immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
, NUR 265 Exam 1; Questions with Complete Solutions
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI Correct Ans-creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced
by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI Correct Ans-creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI Correct Ans-creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by
75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. Correct Ans-Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
, NUR 265 Exam 1; Questions with Complete Solutions
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. Correct Ans-Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. Correct Ans-Obstruction that occurs after the
kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
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