Exam (elaborations)
Exam-Advanced Pathophysiology Summer 2024 UTA 5315 TEST 3 Questions and Answers
- Course
- Institution
Exam-Advanced Pathophysiology Summer 2024 UTA 5315 TEST 3 Questions and Answers
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Exam-Advanced Pathophysiology Summer 2024 UTA5315 TEST 3 Questions and Answers
Mitral Valve Stenosis Correct-- Characterized by NARROWING of mitral valve
- Normal is 4-6 cm
-Narrowed is less than 2.5 cm
- Caused by RHEUMATIC FEVER
-More common in WOMEN
-Oxygenated blood comes back into heart into the left atrium and down through the mitral
valve to the left ventricle
- Complex: Stenosis leads to volume/pressure in left atrium, which results in atrial
hypertrophy/dilation, which increases pressure/volume in the pulmonary circulation & causes
PULMONARY EDEMA
- Simplified: Skinny mitral valve doesn't let blood pass through easily, so blood backs up into
the left atrium and causes it to swell, then backs up into the lung and causes resp. symptoms
-S/sx: dyspnea, hemoptysis, a-fib, dysphagia, pulmonary hypertension
Mitral Valve Regurgitation Correct--Characterized by INCOMPLETE CLOSURE of mitral valve
-Caused by MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE (flaps don't close together properly, leaving valve ajar);
more common in WOMEN; STICKING CHEST PAIN
, Exam-Advanced Pathophysiology Summer 2024 UTA
5315 TEST 3 Questions and Answers
-Blood in left ventricle backs up to left ventricle during systole (mitral valve should be closed
during systole/contraction of heart)
-Leads to atrial dilation/hypertrophy, increased pulmonary vascular pressure/volume,
PULMONARY EDEMA
-S/sx: Dyspnea, rales, pansystolic murmur, S3 & S4 heart sounds
Aortic Valve Stenosis Correct--Most common valvular disease
-Most common causes are aortic valve CALCIFICATION (stiffening) in people over 60;
congenital aortic valve stenosis in people less than 30
-Normal valve 3 cm; symptoms seen when valve less than 1 cm; severe when valve is less than
0.5 cm
-Narrowed valve prevents outflow from left ventricle to aorta. This backs up blood to the left
atrium and ultimately floods the lung causing PULMONARY EDEMA
S/Sx: Pulmonary hypertension/edema, poor outflow of aorta to body (aorta sends out
oxygenated blood to body), causing fainting or chest pain
Simplified: Aorta is stiff and can't send out oxygenated blood properly to the body, depriving
tissues of oxygen. Blood gets backed up into lungs, causing pulmonary edema.
, Exam-Advanced Pathophysiology Summer 2024 UTA
5315 TEST 3 Questions and Answers
Aortic Valve Regurgitation Correct--Valve is TOO WIDE or TOO NARROW, blood doesn't
pass through effectively, causing back flow of blood into the left ventricle
-Marked by EARLY DIASTOLIC MURMUR (on systole, heart contracts and pushes blood up the
aorta, but on diastole, heart relaxes and ineffective aortic valve is not able to hold blood up in
aorta, so blood falls and makes a swish sound, which is the murmur)
-Most commonly caused by AORTIC ROOT DILATION(starting point of aorta is too wide)
-Other causes: infective endocarditis, rheumatic fever, aortitis from syphilis, coarctation
(congenital narrowing of aorta), aortic dissection (tear), ankylosing spondylitis (inflammatory
arthritis)
-Acute: increases left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (increased blood back down
in the left ventricle increases pressure), decreased stroke volume (not much blood is being
pushed from left ventricle because blood's backed up and overwhelming left ventricle),
normal or decreased pulse pressure, decreased cardiac output (aorta is not effectively
pumping blood from heart)
, Exam-Advanced Pathophysiology Summer 2024 UTA
5315 TEST 3 Questions and Answers
Chronic: Body adjusts; LVEDP normalizes, systolic bp increases (compensation: harder
contraction to push blood out of aorta before it falls back down to left ventricle), diastolic bp
decreases (compensation: decreased relaxation of heart to stop blood from seeping back out
of aorta), cardiac output is normal, pulse pressure is increase. Blood ultimately is backed up
into the left atrium and pulmonary circulation.
Atherosclerosis Causes Correct--Begins with tissue injury
Sources of injury:
CIGARETTES (toxins)
Hypertension (increased force of the blood hitting the blood vessel can weaken it)
Diabetes
Hyperlipidemia (lipids take place of endothelial cells lining the blood vessel, initiating an
inflammatory response)
Patho of Atherosclerosis r/t Hyperlipidemia - Inflammatory Response Correct-1. Tissue
injury to endothelial cells lining the blood vessel.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KarmaScores. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73773 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now