BIOD 171 Final Exam Study Guide || A+ Graded Already.
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Course
BIOD 171
Institution
BIOD 171
What is microbiology the study of? correct answers microbes and their biological processes
What is the smallest biological unit of life? correct answers cell
What are the characteristics of life? correct answers movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, and orga...
BIOD 171 Final Exam Study Guide || A+ Graded Already.
What is microbiology the study of? correct answers microbes and their biological processes
What is the smallest biological unit of life? correct answers cell
What are the characteristics of life? correct answers movement, responsiveness, growth,
reproduction, metabolism, homeostasis, and organization
What is a macromolecule? correct answers a complex molecule that is composed from smaller
subunits
What are the four main types of macromolecules? correct answers protein, lipids, nucleic acids,
carbohydrates
What is the most prominent macromolecule in the body? correct answers protein
What are the functions of proteins in a cell? correct answers Movement, catalyzing, support,
storage, transportation, communication in the cell, defense
what is the most abundant cell type? correct answers Prokaryotic
What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? correct answers DNA and RNA
DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable
characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary
information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
What is the plasma membrane and what is it made of? correct answers The plasma membrane
serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside
surrounding environment. The plasma membrane also restricts the movement of materials
(water, nutrients, etc) either in or out of the cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is
needed (influx) while also preventing the escape (out flux) of essential nutrients. The plasma
membrane is composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons).
What are the three main components of carbohydrates? correct answers carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? correct answers
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the cell that contains the
genetic material. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either
Bacteria or Archaea.
What are the main morphologies of bacteria? correct answers coccus (round/spherical), bacillus
(rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew)
what are the 2 main branches of prokaryotes? correct answers bacteria and archaea
, Which group of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions? correct
answers Archaea
What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? correct answers Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or
Protista
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? correct answers No they are not
considered living because
What is the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane composed of? correct answers polar
hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region
-hydrophobic tail faces inward and and polar head interacts with water outside and inside the cell
What are the primary cellular organelles and their roles? correct answers Ribosomes (protein
synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis), Golgi (protein modification and distribution),
lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria (ATP generation) and chloroplasts (plants only; site of
photosynthesis).
Proteins are formed from various combinations of ______ of which there are ____ known forms
correct answers amino acids, 20
What is an essential amino acid? correct answers An essential amino acid cannot be produced by
the human body and as such must be take in from the environment through alternative sources
(i.e) food.
What do eukaryotic cell membranes have that prokaryotic cell membranes don't? correct answers
sterol lipids (ex: cholesterol)
Functions of plasma membrane? correct answers Proteins in membrane allow the import of
nutrients or export of molecules (wastes, signaling molecules)
Protein sensors receive information about the environment or messages from other cells
Mechanical properties allow for movement, growth, and reseal
What are the three parts to a nucleotide? correct answers sugar (DNA), phosphate, nitrogenous
base
What is the central dogma of biology? correct answers DNA is transcribed into a strand of RNA
that leaves the nucleus and is translated on ribosomes into proteins
What does saturation refer to in fatty acids? correct answers how many hydrogen are present in
the hydrocarbons
Where are ribosomes located? correct answers in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and in the
ER of eukaryotic cells.
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