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Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 with Complete Solutions
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Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 with Complete SolutionsE. Cells decrease in size
P. Still functional; imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Essentially there is
an increase in the catabolism of intracellular organelles, reducing structural components of
cell
Physiologic: thymus gland in early childhood
Pathological: disuse (muscle atrophy d/ decrease workload, pressure, use, blood supply,
nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation) Correct-Atrophy
E: cells increase in number, mitosis (cell division) must occur, size of cell does not change
Phys: increased rate of division, increase in tissue mass after damage or partial resection; may
be compensatory, hormonal, or pathologic
Patho: abnormal proliferation of normal cells usually caused by increased hormonal
stimulation (endometrial). increase of production of local growth factors
Ex: removal of part of the liver lead to hyperplasia of hepatocytes. uterine or mammary gland
enlargement during pregnancy Correct-Hyperplasia
E. Not true adaptation; Cells abnormal change in size, shape, organization (classified as mild,
moderate, severe)
, Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 with Complete Solutions
P. caused by cell injury/irritation, characterized by disordered cell growth. aka atypical
hyperplasia or pre-cancer, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV shows up on pap smear, breast cancer
development; pap smears often show dysplastic cells of the cervix that must undergo
laser/surgical tx Correct-Dysplasia
E: reversible change, one type of cell changes to another type for survival
P: reversible; results from exposure of the cells to chronic stressors, injury, or irritation;
Cancer can arise from this area, stimulus induces a reprogramming of stem cells under the
influence of cytokines and growth factors
Ex: Patho: Columnar cells change to squamous cells in lungs of smoker or normal ciliated
epithelial cells of the bronchial linings are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells.;
Phys: Barrett Esophagus- normal squamous cells change to columnar epithelial cells in
response to reflux, aka intestinal metaplasia Correct-Metaplasia
E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP increases anaerobic
metabolism. eventual cell death.
, Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 with Complete Solutions
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy Correct-Hypoxia injury
E. normal byproduct of ATP production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust
intracellular antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis Correct-Free radical and ROS
E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine, PO4, inflammation and
fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads to liver failure irreversible Correct-Ethanol
Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ increases in weight, becomes distended and
pale. Associated with high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections Correct-Oncosis
Liver and germ cell tumors Correct-Alpha Fetoprotein Origin
, Nurs 5315: Adv Patho Exam 1 with Complete Solutions
GI, pancreas, lung, breast tumors Correct-Carcinoembryonic Antigen
prostate tumors Correct-Prostate Specific Antigen
from epithelial tissue- renal cell carcinoma Correct-Carcino-
from connective tissue- chondrosarcoma Correct-Sarco-
preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous cells- cervix Correct-
Carcinoma in situ
Multiple organs including brain Correct-Lung ca metastasis
Liver, lungs Correct-Colorectal ca metastasis
Liver, lungs, brain Correct-Testicular ca metastasis
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