Examination Findings of a child with Kawasaki disease - correct answer ✔✔Fever, Conjunctival Injection,
Strawberry Tongue, and Edema of the Hands and Feet.
Lymphadenopathy and Polymorphous Nonvesicular Rashes.
Peripheral Edema - correct answer ✔✔Grading:
1+ Slight Pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly.
2+ A Somewhat Deeper Pit than in 12+, but again no readily detectable distortion, disappears in 10-15
seconds.
3+ Noticeably Deep Pit that may last more than a minute; dependent extremity looks fuller and swollen.
4+ Very Deep Pit that lasts as long as 2-5 min; dependent extremity is grossly distorted.
Ammonia in breath odor - correct answer ✔✔Uremia (ammonia)
Grading of Pulses - correct answer ✔✔4+ Bounding
3+ Full, Increased
2+ Expected
1+ Diminished, barely palpable
0 Absent, not palpable
Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI) - correct answer ✔✔Stage I - Viable - No sensory impairment - No motor
impairment - Audible Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous Dopler Signal
Stage IIa - Marginally Threatened - Minimal Sensory Impairment - No Motor Impairment - Often
inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous Doppler Signal
Stage IIb - Immediately Threatened - Rest Pain Sensory Impairment - Mild to moderate Motor
Impairment - Inaudible Arterial Doppler Signal - Audible Venous Doppler Signal
Stage III - Irreversible - Anesthetic Sensory Impairment - Paralytic/rigor Motor Impairment - Inaudible
Arterial Doppler Signal - Inaudible Venous Doppler Signal
, Assessment for Peripheral Arterial Disease - correct answer ✔✔Site of Pain is Distal to the Narrowing.
Note:
Pulses (strong, weak or possibly absent)
Possible systolic bruits over the arteries that may extend through diastole.
Loss of expected body warmth.
Localized pallor and cyanosis.
Collapsed superficial veins, with delay in venous filling.
Thin, atrophied skin; muscle atrophy.
Varicosity Findings In Pregnant Women - correct answer ✔✔With increasing cardiac output beginning in
the 1st trimester, the pulse may be more easily palpated, with an abrupt rise and rapid fall. With
increasing blood volume in the second trimester, jugular a and v waves may be easier to see. JVP should
remain normal. Peripheral edema is a common finding as the pregnancy progresses. Varicose veins can
develop during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.
Heart Sounds - correct answer ✔✔S1 - Closure of the mitral and tricuspid (AV) Valves, indicates the
beginning of systole. Best heard toward the apex.
S2 - Closure of the aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) Valves, indicates the end of systole. Best heard in the
aortic and pulmonic areas. Higher pitch and shorter duration.
S3 - Best heard when the patient is in the left lateral decubitus (recumbent) position. Ventricular Gallup -
Ken-Tuck-Y
S4 - Most commonly heard in the older patients, but may be heard at any age when there is increased
resistance to filling because the ventricular walls have lost compliance. Atrial Gallup - Ten-nes-see
Examination Technique for the Apical Pulse - correct answer ✔✔PMI Point of Maximal Impulse typically
noted at the left 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line in adults, and 4th intercostal space medial to
the nipple in children.
If the apical impulse is more vigorous than expected, characterize it as a "heave" or "lift." Pg 337
Grading of Heart Murmurs - correct answer ✔✔Grade I - Barely audible in quiet room
Grade II - Quiet but clearly audible
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