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EXAM MASTER PA-CAT STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024.
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EXAM MASTER PA-CAT STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024.
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EXAM MASTER PA-CAT STUDY GUIDEQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
2024.
What is the likely diagnosis for a child who reports increased back pain, an uneven gait,
and favoritism to the left side?
A. Kyphosis
B. Lordosis
C. Scoliosis
D. Spina bifida - ANSWER- C. Scoliosis
Scoliosis - ANSWER- lateral bending of the vertebral column, often in the thoracic area
Kyphosis - ANSWER- curvature of the spine that produces a "humpback"
Lordosis - ANSWER- having a "hollow back," or being "bent backward." Some describe
it as a sway back. It may be caused by poor posture
Spina bifida - ANSWER- defect of the vertebral column where L5 or S1 fails to develop
normally, leaving a hole or dimple
A 42-year-old man with a history of anxiety and peptic ulcer disease develops severe
back pain. An analysis reveals the presence of amylase, lipase, and peptidase in his
stomach. This patient's condition is caused by erosion of a peptic ulcer in what
structure?
A. Left gastric artery
B. Pancreas
C. Peritoneal cavity
D. Pleural cavity
E. Splenic artery - ANSWER- B. Pancreas
This patient's sudden onset severe back pain suggests perforation of a peptic ulcer. The
location of his pain along with the presence of pancreatic enzymes in the stomach
suggest that the ulcer eroded into the pancreas. Since the pancreas is located directly
posterior to the stomach, the ulcer would be located on the posterior wall of the
stomach.
, If the ulcer had eroded into the peritoneal cavity, the leakage of stomach contents into
the peritoneal cavity would result in a generalized peritonitis, causing generalized
severe abdominal pain and rebound tenderness, not focal back pain. If the ulcer had
somehow eroded into the pleural cavity, we would expect to see pleuritic chest pain. If
the ulcer had eroded into a blood vessel, we might see blood in the stomach or
peritoneum instead of pancreatic enzymes, resulting in a much more serious clinical
presentation. Two common blood vessels that a peptic ulcer can
erode into are the splenic artery, which carries blood to the spleen, or the left gastric
artery, which supplies blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
A patient sustains a myocardial infarction (heart attack) that damages the ventricular
septum of the heart. What effect on the heart is most likely to be seen immediately after
the heart attack?
A. Blood flowing from the left side of the heart to the right
B. Changes in the electrical conduction of the heart
C. Damage to the valves of the heart
D. Reduction in blood pressure - ANSWER- B. Changes in the electrical conduction of
the heart
The septum contains fibers that coordinate the beating of the ventricles. These are
sensitive and are damaged almost instantly in myocardial infarction. This damage can
be seen via changes in the conduction of electricity through the heart.
Damage to valves, left to right blood flow, and dramatic hypotension are common late
complications of myocardial infarction, generally occurring days to weeks following the
initial event. This is in contrast to electrical changes, which present near instantly.
If a patient ingests a poison that inhibits protein synthesis, what cellular organelle(s)
is/are being targeted?
A. Lysosomes
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Mitochondria
E. Ribosomes - ANSWER- E. Ribosomes
Ribosomes - ANSWER- responsible for the production of cellular proteins through the
process of translation
Lysosomes - ANSWER- contain digestive enzymes and are involved in the breakdown
of molecules and cellular maintenance
Golgi apparatus - ANSWER- responsible for sorting, packaging, and sending proteins
throughout the cell
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