Psychology 1XX3 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
Psychology 1XX3
Institution
Psychology 1XX3
Psychology 1XX3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Development - CORRECT ANSWER- gene environment interactions across an
individual's lifespan; the study of how individuals change and remain the same between
conception and death
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER- gene environment in...
Psychology 1XX3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Development - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔gene environment interactions across an
individual's lifespan; the study of how individuals change and remain the same between
conception and death
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔gene environment interactions across the evolutionary
history of a species; change in gene frequencies over generations
Neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔study of the nervous system and neurobasis of
thought and behaviour; study of how biological nervous system produces mental processes
Learning - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔relatively permanent changes in our thoughts ,
behaviours, and feelings as a result of our experiences; acquisition of neural representations
of new info
Maturation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔biologically timed unfolding of changes within the
individual according to that individual's genetic plan
Interactionist Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the view that maturation and learning
interact during development
Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔presenting a stimulus until it is not new; a decrease
in the responsiveness to a stimulus following its repeated presentation
Dishabituation - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔an increase in the responsiveness to a stimulus
that is somehow different from the habituated stimulus
,Event-Related Potential - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔- a measure of the brain electrical
activity evoked by the presentation of stimuli
High-Amplitude Sucking - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔if infants keep sucking, music will
continue; if infants stop sucking, music will stop as well
Preference Method - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔looking chamber with more than one stimuli
to see which stimuli captivates infant's attention more; prefer big patterns with lots of black
and white contrast, and human faces
Competence-Performance Distinction - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔an individual may fail a
task not because they lack those cognitive abilities but because they are unable to
demonstrate those abilities
Longitudinal Design - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔PROS = allows researchers to assess
developmental changes, ideal for assessing individual development, repeatedly measure the
same individual at different ages
CONS = expensive, time-consuming, subjects may quit/die, susceptible to practice effect
Selective Attrition - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔loss of participants in a study such that the
sample ends up being non-responsive of the population as a whole
Cross-Sectional Design - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔PROS = ideal for uncovering age
differences, compares individuals from many age groups at one point in time, allows
researchers to assess developmental change, less time consuming and costly than longitudinal
design
CONS = cannot distinguish age effects from generational effects, cannot directly assess
individual developmental change
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔cell formed when a sperm penetrates an ovum (contains
46 chromosomes)
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔threadlike structure made from DNA; segments
of DNA comprise genes; contain ~ 30,000 to 40,000 genes
Dizygotic Twins - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔different sperm and ovum; share ~50% of
genes
Autosome - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔half a chromosome
Sex Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Females: XX
Males: XY
Expression of Genetic Information - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔1. Dominant-Recessive
Inheritance
2. Polygenic Inheritance
3. Codominance
4. Sex-Linked Inheritance
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔inherited genes
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔expresses characteristics of the inherited genes
Dominant-Recessive Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔dominant allele is expressed in
the phenotype; recessive allele is not expressed but still heritable
Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔when two alleles have the same effect on the
phenotype; dom + dom or recessive + recessive
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔when two alleles have a different effect on the
phenotype; dom + recessive
, Polygenic Inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔when the expression of a trait is
determined by the inheritance of multiple genes; no single gene can account for complex
behaviours
ex. height, weight
Codominance - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔two dominant alleles are both fully and equally
expressed to produce a phenotype that is a compromise between the two genes
ex. ABO blood type proteins in humans
(A and B are both dominant, O is recessive; AB are both expressed so blood type is AB)
Canalization Principle - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔all individuals are restricted to a similar
phenotype despite variations in the environment; genotype restricts the phenotype to a small
number of possible developmental outcomes; some developmental processes are buffered
against environmental variability
Range of Reaction Principle - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔our genotype restricts us to a range
of possible phenotypes whose expression is dependent on environmental conditions
Gene Influence on Preferred Environment - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔1. Passive
Correlations; childhood
2. Evocative Correlations; throughout life
3. Active Correlations; adulthood
Passive Correlations - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the environment that parents choose to
raise their child in was influenced by the parent's own genes
Evocative Correlations - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔the traits that we have inherited affect
how others react to and behave towards us
Active Correlations - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔our genotypes influence the kinds of
environments that we seek
Critical Period - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔specific time window when certain experiences
are required for normal development
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