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Summary Issues and debates notes
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AQA a level psychology issues and debates notes. AO1 and AO3.
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Issues and debates, Gender bias
Alpha bias -
Differences between the sexes are 'fixed- more
likely to devalue
females in relation to males
↓ example :
psychodynamic theory
e alpha bias favouring males :
·
Freud claimed children desire the opposite-sex parent (resolved with identification with same sex parent
h identification is
girl's weake , creating a weaker
superego/moral development
-
Example :
alpha bias favouring females
chodorow-daughter's + mother's are more connected than sons + mothes due to biological similarities
↳ women develop better bonds +
empathy for others
Beta bias -
Ignoring/underestimating differences between ment women ->
eg research conducted on men generalised to women
↳ example :
Light or clight/ tend and befriend :
·
Taylo, suggested females exhibid 'tend + befriend' responce to threat governed by the hormone oxytocin
Androcentrism -
Alpha + beta bias are consequences of androcentrism -
psychology has been traditionally dominated by males which
has lead misunderstood
to females being
↳ PMS medicalises emotions but male is rational to external
e .
g female ange often seen as a responce pressure
I I I
Unpublished research
Promotes sexism Gende differences seen as lixed Counterpoint
Evaluation
-
Meta-analysis on 1000 -
Male researche
may think -
Research concluded girls
-
Research suggests the popular
Studies relating to
gender-bias female pply . are unable have better verbal ability +
Steiotype that semales are
due to brain differences
↳ such be better
a
spatial ability better
research found to to complete complex task boys have at
multi-tasking may
lessf unded
+ publisher by less which may mean
they underpecom
↳ Joel et an e brain
scanning be due to their brain
prestigious Journals (even -
..
psychology may produce - cound no differences hemispheres being better connected
in comparison to ethnic bias) findings that have gender--suggests we should be
way
-
Suggest their may be biological
-
Gende bias not taken
seriously bias of accepting gender research differences that affect behaviors
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