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,Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Test Bank
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Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused on
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the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments made
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by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good
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representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
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A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
reviews and word games during social time
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B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
facilities ‗
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabetes ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
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D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
sessions ‗
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: A, B, C, E
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Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and
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social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in book
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reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical
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well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical
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well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the
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prevention of disease and spread of germs.
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2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
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variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
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referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and
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Human Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which
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would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
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A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
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B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime.
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C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
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D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many
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health care facilities. ‗ ‗ ‗
Ans: B ‗
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alternative
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therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for
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all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which
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includes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client's
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noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence of a
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family history of CV disease does not meet the ―attaining lives free of preventable disease
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and premature death‖ determinant.
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,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
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university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
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between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease.
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Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules
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that cause disease?
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A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
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packed red blood cells
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B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
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therapy and chest physiotherapy
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D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is
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HIV positive.‗ ‗
Ans: D ‗
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cell
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anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects of
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abnormal molecules.
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4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
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number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
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aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
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A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
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B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
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C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
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D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
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Ans: B
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Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
increasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic
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injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
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, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived
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to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the
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pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient
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verifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery
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disease?
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A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.‖
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B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
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French fries every day.‖
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C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗ ‗
easy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
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D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
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causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.‖
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Ans: C ‗
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
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pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a
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fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk
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factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
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6. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic
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obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the
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client for the first time. Which of the following aspects of the patient's current state of
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health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?
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A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.
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B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
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C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields
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bilaterally. ‗
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute.
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Ans: B
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Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem,
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such as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds,
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and respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
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