Exam (elaborations)

(BU) CAS PS 101 General Psychology Midterm Exam 2024

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Course
Psychology

Institution
Boston University

(BU) CAS PS 101 General Psychology Midterm Exam 2024(BU) CAS PS 101 General Psychology Midterm Exam 2024(BU) CAS PS 101 General Psychology Midterm Exam 2024(BU) CAS PS 101 General Psychology Midterm Exam 2024

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Uploaded on September 13, 2024
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CAS PS 101
General Psychology
Midterm Exam
2024
● Most common disorders: anxiety (ptsd, etc)
○ Disability- prevents one from doing what would be otherwise
healthy orbeneficial to him or her (relationships, jobs, etc)
○ Distress- upset
● Research methods
○ Psychological claims should be about facts and thus must be
determined empirically using accepted scientific methods
● Definitions - I
○ Psychology- the scientific study of human and animal behavior
○ Behavior- stimulus → respOnse, anything that an organism does
involving actionand response to stimulation
■ Understanding behavior: biolOgical → psychOlOgical → basic sOcial
interactions (ex: number of neurons is correlated to number of
members in social group → larger sOcial grOup → culture)
○ Theory- the analysis of a set of facts in their relation to one another
○ Hypothesis- a testable question with a yes or no answer
■ Null hypothesis- “No” answer to question
■ Research articles and grant proposals should state the hypothesis
that they are testing
■ Double blind study- neither the experimenter nor the subject
knows the hypothesis being tested (ex: placebo pills for
depression)
○ Empirical- based on or characterized by observation and experiment
rather than theory
○ Data- factual information (as measurements or statistics) used as a
basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation
○ independent variable- something the researcher decides/chooses
○ dependent variable (/measure)- something you are measuring
Definitions Cont. and Statistics
● Terms
○ Data- factual information (as measurements or statistics) used as a
basis forreasoning, discussion, or calculation
○ independent variable- something the researcher decides
○ dependent variable- something you are measuring
○ positive reinforcer- presence of stimulus that increases the
probability of response

, ■ ex: paycheck
■ medical community defines positive as presents of a
symptom and negative as the absence of a symptom
○ negative reinforcer- absence of a stimulus increases the probability of a
behavior

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