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NUR 641E final Questions And Answers Latest 2024/ 2025 Graded A+ | 100% Verified!!
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NUR 641E final Questions And Answers Latest 2024/ 2025 Graded A+ | 100% Verified!!

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  • September 13, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NUR 641E final


1. Pharmacokinetics involves: absorption, distribution, metabolism and

elimina- tion).

2. Absorption:: absorption from the administration site either directly or

indirectly into the blood/plasma.

3. Distribution:: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream

into the inter- stitial and intracellular

4. Metabolism:: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other

tissues.

5. Elimination:: tissues. lastly, the drug and its metabolites are

eliminated from the body.

6. route of administration with the highest bioavailability: intravenous;

putting entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption.

7. avoids first-pass metabolism: Intravenous route



,8. administration has variable and erratic absorption. n: Rectal

administration

9.4. Steady state (SS): absorption. n is usually reached within 4-5 half

lives of drug.

10.Half-life of a drug is: how long it takes for half the drug to be excreted

from the body. Determines how frequently the drug must be

administered. Predicts how long toxic effects can last.is constant with

first-order pharmacokinetics of a drug.

11.Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics: means a drug is metabolized

at a constant rate per unit time.

12.CYP3A4 substrate drugs: may have enhanced activity if any CYP3A4

inducer drugs are used along with it.

13. Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA:-

: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drug. Preclinical

research with animal testing for safety (Phase I). Clinical research on




,human subjects for medication safety (Phase II). Clinical research in

humans comparing the new drug

to accepted medications placebo depending on the study (Phase III).

FDA review of the results to determine approval. Post marketing study

to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase IV)

14.2. Medication safety organizations: The Institute for Safe Medication

Practices (ISMP) The Institute of Medicine (IOM) The Joint Commission

The National Coor- dinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and

Prevention (NCC MERP) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use

Initiative

15.Two basic type of ADRS:: pharmacological and idiosyncratic.

16.85% to 90% of ADRS: are pharmacological.

17.Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable,: frequently occur in a

hos- pital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors,

adverse drug effects, and allergic idiosyncratic type reactions.




, 18.ADRS are not commonly reported;: the FDA does not mandate that

ADRS be reported.

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