calcium bicarbonate - answer A compound that is controlled through water treatment to
prevent the formation of calcium carbonate. (Hardness)
Ultraviolet disinfection - answer Disinfection using ultraviolet light
membrane filtration - answer Water treatment process in which relatively pure water
passes through a porous membrane while particles, molecules, or ions of unwanted
matter are excluded
Hardness - answer Caused primarily by salts calcium and magnesium
Carbonate Hardness - answer hardness associated with bicarbonate
noncarbonated hardness - answer Hardness caused by calcium and magnesium
calcium carbonate - answer The principal hardness and scale causing compound in
water
Recarbonation - answerprocess of adding CO2
ion exchange - answera process for softening water in which hard-water ions are
exchanged for other ions
Langellier saturation index - answerA measurement of the tendency of water to scale or
corrode pipes based on pH, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity and temperatures
Saturation - answerA stable condition of water in which the water will neither deposit
scale nor cause corrosion
Chelation - answerA chemical process used to control scale formation in which a
chelating agent captures scale causing ions and holds them in solution
Head - answerA measure of the energy possessed by water at a given location in the
water system, expressed in feet
A measure of the pressure or force exerted by water expressed in feet
Pressure head - answerA measurement of the amount of energy in water due to water
pressure
, hydraulic grade line - answerHydraulic profile indicating the piezometric level of water at
all point along a conduit, open channel, or stream
Elevation head - answerThe energy possessed per unit weight of a fluid because of its
elevation above some reference point
Velocity Head - answerEnergy imparted to fluid in the form of velocity.
Energy Grade Line - answerA line joining the elevations of energy heads
Friction head loss - answerThe head lost by water flowing in a steam
Instantaneous flow rate - answerThe flow of water measures at one particular instance
Pump center line - answerAn imaginary line through the center of a pump
Static suction head - answerThe difference in elevation between the pump center line
and the free water surface of the reservoir feeding the pump
Static suction lift - answerThe difference in elevation between the pump center line and
the free water surface
Static discharge head - answerThe vertical distance from the centerline of the pump to
the liquid level on the discharge
Total static head - answerThe total height that the pump must lift the water when
moving it from one point to another
Minor head loss - answerThe energy losses the result from the resistance to flow as
water passes through valves, fittings, inlets, and outlets of a distribution system
Dynamic suction head - answerThe distance from the pump center line at the suction of
a pump to the point of the hydraulic grade line
Dynamic suction lift - answerThe distance from the pump center line at the suction of
the pump to the point on the hydraulic grade line
total dynamic head - answerThe difference in height between the hydraulic grade line
on the discharge and the hydraulic grade line on the suction
horsepower (hp) - answera common unit of power, equal to about 746 watts
Efficiency - answerThe percentage of the input work that is converted to output work
Work - answerForce exerted on an object that causes it to move
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