Psych 438 - Wimer - Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
PSYCH 438
Institution
PSYCH 438
Ego-syntonic The person is aware of pathology (OCD, Depression)
Ego-dystonic The person has a distorted perception of reality and lacks self awareness (personality disorders)
What is a personality disorder? Disorders featuring inflexible, long-standing and maladaptive personality traits that caus...
Psych 438 - Wimer - Exam 1 Practice
Questions and Correct Answers
Ego-syntonic ✅The person is aware of pathology (OCD, Depression)
Ego-dystonic ✅The person has a distorted perception of reality and lacks self
awareness (personality disorders)
What is a personality disorder? ✅Disorders featuring inflexible, long-standing and
maladaptive personality traits that causes significant impairments or distress
What do personality disorders cause difficulty with? ✅- rigidity I'm dealing with life's
problems
- defective perceptions of self and others
- extreme variations of normal personality traits (one extreme end of a continuum)
- thoughts
- emotions
- relationships
- impulse control
How difficult is it to treat personality disorders? ✅- Very difficult to treat (if people seek
counseling at all)
- Patients often leave therapy prematurely
What is the lifetime prevalence of personality disorders? ✅- 9-13%
- Account for 5-15% of hospital and outpatient clinic admissions
When do signs of a personality disorder typically begin? ✅- signs begin during
adolescence (as identity is forming)
- sometimes can be traced to childhood trauma
Why do people with personality disorders act the way they do? ✅Because it is the only
way they know how to survive
What is the typical approach to treatment? ✅- different than treating other mental
disorders
- need to account for manipulation
- clients live in a dream world
How to do you account for manipulation? ✅1) call attention to the clients behavior
2) label the underlying power and control tactic
,3) explain why the behavior is: self defeating or socially harmful and indicative of the
identified power and control tactic
4) ask the client if he or she agrees
What do you do if a client disputes your confrontation about manipulation? ✅Drop the
matter and move on
Why are diagnosing PDs difficult? ✅We all exhibit some of the criteria at certain times
in our life
- suspiciousness, compulsiveness, sensitivity to rejection, etc.
- PDs are extreme manifestations of normal personality traits
- everyone "has a PD" to a certain extent - its a continuum
Overlap of the different personality disorders
Insurance companies don't typically like to reimburse PDs (when used as primary Dx)
Formerly on "Axis II"; many PDs also removed from the DSM
What criteria should you consider when diagnosing a PD? ✅Is the person's personality
pattern...
- a cause of the persons current and long term functioning
- consistent and long term
- impairing social or occupational functioning and causing distress
What is General Personality Disorder? ✅A. An in during pattern of inner experience
and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture.
This pattern is manifested in 2+ of the following areas:
1) cognition ( ie ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people and events)
2) affectivity (ie range, intensity, lability & appropriateness of emotional response)
3) interpersonal functioning
4) impulse control
B. Pattern is inflexible & pervasive across a broad range of personal and social
situations
C. Distress/impairment and/or reduced functioning
D. The pattern is stable and of long duration, and it's onset can be traced back to at
least adolescence or early adulthood
What are PDs characterized by? ✅Odd or eccentric behaviors ("Cluter A")
- paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid
Dramatic, emotional or irrational behaviors ("Cluster B")
-antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
Anxious or fearful behaviors ("Cluster C")
- avoidant, dependent, OCPD
Is General PD in the DSM-5? ✅Yes, but it isn't an official Dx
- gateway to a more specific Dx
, What is Paranoid PD? ✅Unwarranted suspiciousness, hypersensitivity and an extreme
irrational reluctance to trust others
- aloofness and lack of emotion ("restricted affect")
- rigidity
- preoccupied with unfounded suspicious beliefs that are resistant to change
What is usually observed in clients with Paranoid PS? ✅- predominately males
- engaging in projection (attributing their own suspiciousness to others)
- may have has trust betrayed at an early age
- spying behavior
- may be premorbid before onset of schizophrenia
What is Schizoid PD? ✅Social isolation, emotional coldness, indifference to others
- almost an inability to convey emotion
- sometimes confused with Asperger's Disorder
What is typically observed in patients with Schizoid PD? ✅- robotic
- peculiar and aloof
- predominantly males
- prefer a hermit-like existence
What is a possible origin for Schizoid PD? ✅A cold and emotionally impoverished
childhood lacking in empathy
What is schizotypal PD? ✅Similar to Schizoid PD, but with some psychosis thrown in
- believe they possess magical thinking abilities or special powers
- off spearheaded patterns ("informed word salad")
- problems in thinking and perceiving (tend to think they're fine and everyone else is
screwed up)
What is often observed in patients with Schizotypal PD? ✅- predominately males
- cognitive distortions set this apart from schizoid PD
- less severe version of schizophrenia
Schizoid vs. Schizotypal PD ✅Schizoid:
- neither desires nor enjoys close relationships
- almost always chooses solitary activities
- little to no interest in sex
- takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
- lacks close friends or confidants
- indifferent to praise or criticism
- emotional coldness or flattened affect
Schizotypal:
- discomfort with close relationships combined with cognitive/perceptual distortions
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