PSYCH 438 Exam 1 Review Questions and Complete Solutions
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Course
PSYCH 438
Institution
PSYCH 438
Personality Psychology i. The academic study of innate traits that we all possess to varying degrees ii. Associated with clinical and counseling psychology iii. "Nature" iv. Who you are
Social Psychology i. The academic study of situational factors and how they impact behavior ii. "Nurture" iii. W...
PSYCH 438 Exam 1 Review Questions
and Complete Solutions
Personality Psychology ✅i. The academic study of innate traits that we all possess to
varying degrees
ii. Associated with clinical and counseling psychology
iii. "Nature"
iv. Who you are
Social Psychology ✅i. The academic study of situational factors and how they impact
behavior
ii. "Nurture"
iii. What's happening in the environment/situation
Temperament ✅i. A person's basic disposition
ii. Influences how people respond to situations
iii. Apparent at birth and predictive of later personality
Easy ✅Temperament:
i. Even-tempered, regular sleeping and eating patterns, adapt easily to new situations
and people, more positive moods
ii. More likely to be well-adjusted as young adults
Difficult ✅Temperament:
Irritable, withdraw from new situations and people, unpredictable habits, more negative
moods
Slow-to-Warm-Up ✅Temperament:
i. Less active, somewhat negative in mood, take time to adjust to new stimuli
ii. Hesitant, withdrawn, cautious
Behavioral Inhibition ✅Degree of caution (note: children inhibited or uninhibited at 21
months act similar at age 7)
Ego-Syntonic ✅Being unaware of your condition (e.g., narcissism, anorexia)
Ego-Dystonic ✅Being aware of your condition (e.g., OCD)
Personality Disorders ✅i. Disorders featuring inflexible, long-standing and maladaptive
personality traits that cause significant impairment or distress
ii. Rigidity in dealing with life's problems
iii. Defective perceptions of self and others
iv. Extreme variations of normal personality traits
, v. Very difficult to treat
vi. Signs begin during adolescence
vii. Sometimes traced to childhood trauma
functioning, consistent, impairing, distress ✅When diagnosing PDs, consider if the
person's personality pattern is a cause of the person's current and long-term
___________, is __________ and long-term, and is _________ social or occupational
functioning and causing ________.
General ✅PD:
i. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectations of culture, manifested in 2+ of the following areas: cognition, affectivity,
interpersonal functioning, impulse control
ii. Pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social
situations
iii. Distress/impairment and/or reduced functioning
D. The pattern is stable and of long duration
Paranoid ✅PD:
i. Unwarranted suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, and an extreme, irrational reluctance to
trust others
ii. Aloofness and lack of emotion ("restricted affect")
iii. Rigidity
iv. Preoccupied with unfounded suspicious beliefs that are resistant to change
v. Predominantly males
vi. Engaging in projection
vii. May have had trust betrayed at an early age
vii. Spying behavior
viii. May be premorbid before onset of schizophrenia
Schizoid ✅PD:
i. Social isolation, emotional coldness, and indifference to others (note: sometimes
confused with Asperger's)
ii. Robotic
iii. Peculiar and aloof
iv. Predominantly males
v. Prefer a hermit-like existence
vi. Possible origin is a cold and emotionally impoverished childhood lacking in empathy
vii. No desire for close relationships
Schizotypal ✅PD:
i. Similar to schizoid PD, but with some psychosis (i.e., cognitive distortions)
ii. Believe they possess magical thinking abilities or special powers
iii. Odd speech patterns
iv. Problems in thinking and perceiving (i.e., everyone else is "screwed up")
v. Predominantly males
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