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BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A+.
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BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A+.
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BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM WITHCOMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED
A+
a.bNamebthebthreebpartsbofbabnucleicbacidbnucleotide.
b.bWhatbarebthebparticularbtypesbofbeachbofbthesebthatbarebfoundbinbDNAbandbwhatb
arebthebcorrespondingbtypesbthatbarebfoundbinbRNA?b-bcorrectbanswer-
a.bsugar,bphosphatebgroup,bnitrogenousbbase
b.bDNA-bdeoxyribose-bphosphatebgroup-badenine,bguanine,bcytosine,bthymine
RNA-briboseb-phosphatebgroup-badenine,bguanine,bcytosine,buracil
WhatbarebthebfourbmajorbdifferencesbbtwbDNAbandbRNA?b-bcorrectbanswer-
1.bDNAbcontainsbdeoxyriboseb-bRNAbisbriboseb
2.bDNA:bthymine
bRNA:buracilb
3.bDNA:bdoublebstrandedbhelixb
RNA:bsinglebstrand
DNAbisboftenbdescribedbasbabcoiledbladder.bInbthisbdescription,bwhatbtwobpartsbofbab
DNAbnucleotidebformbthebuprights?bWhatbpartbformsbthebrungs?b-bcorrectbanswer-
Thebuprightsbarebthebsugarbphosphatebbackbone,bandbthebrungsbarebthebbases.
Explainbtheb2bdifferencesbbtwbhydrolysisbandbdehydrationbcondensation.b-
bcorrectbanswer-
Duringbdehydrationbcondensationbbiomacromoleculesbarebsynthesizedbbybjoiningbbu
ildingbblockbmonomers.bAbwaterbmoleculebisblostbandbenergybisbused.b
,Biomacromoleculesbarebbrokenbdownbintobmonomersbduringbhydrolysisbwhenbabwat
erbmoleculebisbaddedbandbenergybisbreleased.
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
GLUCOSEb-bcorrectbanswer-
Carbohydrate;busedbasbfuel,bisbreferredbtobasbbloodbsugarbinbhumansbandbanimals
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
Starchb-bcorrectbanswer-Carbohydrate;bthebformbinbwhichbplantsbstorebglucose
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
Celluloseb-bcorrectbanswer-
Carbohydrate;bwoodybtissuebinbplantsbandbtrees,bindigestiblebfiber
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
Triglycerideb-bcorrectbanswer-
Lipid;bthebmajorbformbofbfuelbstoragebthatbwhenbbrokenbdownbproducesbtwicebasbm
uchbenergybperbgrambthanbcarbohydrates
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
Phopholipidb-bcorrectbanswer-Lipid;bthebmajorbconstituentbofbcellbmembranes
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
Hemoglobinb-bcorrectbanswer-Protein;bcarriesboxygenbinbthebblood
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
DNAb-bcorrectbanswer-NucleicbAcid;bcontainsbgeneticbmaterialbofbcells
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
RNAb-bcorrectbanswer-NucleicbAcid;bpartbofbthebprotein-
synthesizingboperationbofbthebcell
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
,Cholesterolb-bcorrectbanswer-
Lipid;bcomponentbofbanimalbcellbmembranesbthat,bwhenbinbexcess,bcanbformbplaque
bonbarterybwalls
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
ATPb-bcorrectbanswer-NucleicbAcid;breleasesbenergybthroughbthebbreakingbofbhigh-
energybphosphatebbond
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
Glycogenb-bcorrectbanswer-
Carbohydrate;bthebformbinbwhichbanimalsbandbhumansbstorebglucose
Tellbwhetherbeachbofbthebfollowingbisbcarbohydrate,blipid,bprotein,borbnucleicbacid.bT
henbexplainbthebusebofbeach.
Insulinb-bcorrectbanswer-Protein;babhormone
Whybarebproteinsbsoboftenbusedbtobbuildbstructures?b-bcorrectbanswer-
Becausebtheybareb"structurallybsophisticated".bTheybarebstrong,byetbflexiblebandbincr
ediblybdiverse.
Explainbthebfollowingbtermsbinbregardbtobproteins:
a.bPrimarybstructure:
b.bSecondarybstructure:b
c.bTertiarybstructure:b
d.bQuaternarybstructure:b-bcorrectbanswer-
a.bAminobacidbmonomersbinbablinearbchain
b.b2brepeatingbpatternsbarebpossible;babspringblikebcoilbofbfibrousbproteinsbwithinbthe
blinearbchainbformsb(alpha-helix)band/
orbinbtheblinearbchainbthebpatternbsnakesbbackbandbforth;bstrongbandbflexiblebbutbnot
belastic.bBothbconformationsbheldbtogetherbwithbhydrogenbbonds.bIt'sbpossiblebthatbo
nebchainbcanbhavebbothbpatterns
c.bFoldingbofbthebsecondarybstructure;b3DbshapebdeterminedbbybR-
groupbinteractionsbandbhydrogenbbonds
d.bInteractionsbbetweenbtwoborbmorebpolypeptidebchains.bEachbchainbhasbitsbownbp
rimary,bsecondary,bandbtertiarybstructure.b**needb2borbmorebpolypeptidebchainsbforbt
hisbstructure**
ThebbasesbpresentbinbnucleicbacidsbcontainbwhatbelementbbesidesbCbandbHbandbO?
b-bcorrectbanswer-Nitrogen
Whatbisbthebpropertybthatbmakesbabmoleculebablipid?b-bcorrectbanswer-
beingbinsolublebinbwaterbduebtobthebpresencebofbtheblongbchainbofbhydrocarbons
Whatbisbthebmainbreasonbforbthebpolaritybofbmostbbiomacromolecules?b-
bcorrectbanswer-
, Mostbbiomacromoleculesbarebpolarbduebtobthebstronglybelectronegativeboxygenb(orb
nitrogen)binbthebfunctionalbgroup
Namebthebbuilding-blockbmolecule(s)bforbeachbofbthebfollowingbbiomacromolecules:
Proteinsb-bcorrectbanswer-AminobAcids
Namebthebbuilding-blockbmolecule(s)bforbeachbofbthebfollowingbbiomacromolecules:
Lipidsb-bcorrectbanswer-fattybacidsbandbglycerol
Namebthebbuilding-blockbmolecule(s)bforbeachbofbthebfollowingbbiomacromolecules:
NucleicbAcidb-bcorrectbanswer-nucleotides
Namebthebbuilding-blockbmolecule(s)bforbeachbofbthebfollowingbbiomacromolecules:
polysaccharidesb-bcorrectbanswer-monosaccharides
a.bCarbohydratesbcontainbwhatbthreebelements?b
b.bWhatbisbthebratiobofbhydrogenbtoboxygenbinbabcarbohydrate?
bc.bWhatbisbthebdifferencebbetweenbabcarbohydratebandbabhydrocarbon?b-
bcorrectbanswer-a.bCHO
b.b2:1
c.bAbhydrocarbonbhasbonlybHbandbCbandbcarbsbhavebHCO.bHydrocarbonsbarebnotbf
unctionalbgroups.
Whatbarebtheb3btypesbofbcholesterol?b-bcorrectbanswer-
HDLb(good;btakesbpotentiallybdangerousbbuildbupbtobliver),bLDLb("bad";bpotentialbtob
clogbvessels),bVLDLb(alsob"bad";bclogsbandbcarriesbtriglycerides)
Explainbtheb3bdifferencesbb/tbprokaryoticbandbeukaryoticbcells.b-bcorrectbanswer-
1.bProkaryoticbcellsbarebtypicallybsmallerbthanbeukaryoticbcells.bMostbarebbetweenb1-
10bmicrometersbinbsizeb(aboutb1/30,000bofbanbinch)
2.bThebDNAbofbabprokaryoticbcellbisbnotbenclosedbinbabnuclearbmembraneb(prokaryo
ticbmeansb"beforebthebnucleus"),bwhereasbEukaryoticbcellsbpossessbabnucleusb3.bPr
okaryticbcellsbdobnotbcontainbmanybofbthebinternalbmembrane-
boundedborganellesbofbeukaryoticbcells
Whatbarebthebcomponentsbofbthebcellbmembrane?b-bcorrectbanswer-Phospholipidbbi-
layerbwithbproteinsbandbphospholipidsbembeddedbwithinbit.bCholesterolbisbusuallybpr
esentbasbwell.
Whatbkindbofbproteinsbcanbbebfoundbwithinbthebphospholipidbbi-layer?b-
bcorrectbanswer-Integral,bPeripheral,bandbglycoproteins.
Whatbisbthebtermbusedbtobdescribebthebtypebofbmoleculesbthatbcanbpassbthroughbthe
bcellbmembrane?bWhatbarebthebtypesbofb"passive"btransportbandb"active"btransport?
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