Straighterline BIO 202 A&P2 - exam 11
What are 2 major control systems of the body? - ANSWER: Endocrine and Nervous
Systems
What is the major purpose of the Endocrine system? - ANSWER: Development,
Growth, Reproduction, Homeostasis
Name 3 characteristics of endocrine glands - - ANSWER: Ductless, Travels in blood,
chemical messenger
What does Endo mean? - ANSWER: within (body)
What does Para mean? - ANSWER: Next to
Which cell is signaled with autocrine signalling? - ANSWER: Its self
What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system? - ANSWER: Hormones
Characteristics of Protein Based hormone - ANSWER: Charged, Water soluble,
Hydrophilic, Signalling via G Protein Receptors
Characteristics of Fat (cholesterol steroid) based - ANSWER: Not charged, Insoluble,
hydrophobic, Intracellular, FROM ADRENAL CORTEX, GONADS, AND THYROID
HORMONE
What is cAMP - ANSWER: Cyclic AMP
Is protein based hormones fast or slow? - ANSWER: Fast
Are steroid hormones fast or slow? - ANSWER: slower
How does a steroid hormone work? - ANSWER: 1) steroid hormone binds it's
receptor
2) complex (Hormone+receptor) enters nucleus
3) Binds to DNA
4) Causes either increase or decrease in transcription leading to increase or decrease
in protein synthesis
Where is the Pituitary located? and how does it attach to the hypothalamus? -
ANSWER: Inferior aspect of the brain in Sella Turcica, in sphenoid bone. Attached to
the hypothalamus via the Infundibulum
The Anterior Pituitary is also known as... which is composed of these kind of cells.....
and its purpose is to ...... - ANSWER: Adenohypophysis, Glandular, synthesize and
secrete hormones
, The Posterior Pituitary is also known as... and is composed of these..... and it's job is
to.... - ANSWER: Neurohypophysis, Neurotracts, store hormones only
Steps for posterior Pituitary release - ANSWER: 1) Hypothalamus synthesizes
oxytocin and ADH
2) Transported down hypophyseal tract
3) Stored and released from Post Pituitary
What does Oxytocin do? - ANSWER: Initiates labor and milk ejection
What does ADH do (anti-diuretic hormone) - ANSWER: Makes Kidneys reabsorb
water, signaled by decrease in blood volume or increase in solute concentration
How does alcohol affect ADH - ANSWER: Inhibits ADH. Prevents ADH from binding
How does Anterior Pituitary work? - ANSWER: 1) Hypothalamus releases releasing
hormone
2) Enters Cap bed 1
3) Travels down portal vein (hypophyseal portal)
4) Enters Cap bed 2
5) Binds Target cell
6) Release hormone in to blood that finds target cell
Is Anterior Pituitary Darker or lighter? - ANSWER: Darker
Is Posterior Pituitary Darker or lighter? - ANSWER: Lighter (post is like a lamp post =
light)
Where is the Thyroid Gland Located? - ANSWER: Lateral and anterior to trachea
What is the structure of the thyroid gland? - ANSWER: 2 lateral lobes connected by
an Isthmus
What does the Thyroid gland make? - ANSWER: Thyroid hormone
What is the function of Thyroid Hormone (TH) - ANSWER: Controls Basal Metabolic
Rate (BMR)
Temperature control
Glucose/Fat metabolism
Required for organ health of all organs
What happens if there is too much Thyroid Hormone? - ANSWER: BMR goes up,
Unhealthy weight loss
Temperature goes up
Heart Palpitations
Every organ is "off"
High anxiety
What are 2 major control systems of the body? - ANSWER: Endocrine and Nervous
Systems
What is the major purpose of the Endocrine system? - ANSWER: Development,
Growth, Reproduction, Homeostasis
Name 3 characteristics of endocrine glands - - ANSWER: Ductless, Travels in blood,
chemical messenger
What does Endo mean? - ANSWER: within (body)
What does Para mean? - ANSWER: Next to
Which cell is signaled with autocrine signalling? - ANSWER: Its self
What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system? - ANSWER: Hormones
Characteristics of Protein Based hormone - ANSWER: Charged, Water soluble,
Hydrophilic, Signalling via G Protein Receptors
Characteristics of Fat (cholesterol steroid) based - ANSWER: Not charged, Insoluble,
hydrophobic, Intracellular, FROM ADRENAL CORTEX, GONADS, AND THYROID
HORMONE
What is cAMP - ANSWER: Cyclic AMP
Is protein based hormones fast or slow? - ANSWER: Fast
Are steroid hormones fast or slow? - ANSWER: slower
How does a steroid hormone work? - ANSWER: 1) steroid hormone binds it's
receptor
2) complex (Hormone+receptor) enters nucleus
3) Binds to DNA
4) Causes either increase or decrease in transcription leading to increase or decrease
in protein synthesis
Where is the Pituitary located? and how does it attach to the hypothalamus? -
ANSWER: Inferior aspect of the brain in Sella Turcica, in sphenoid bone. Attached to
the hypothalamus via the Infundibulum
The Anterior Pituitary is also known as... which is composed of these kind of cells.....
and its purpose is to ...... - ANSWER: Adenohypophysis, Glandular, synthesize and
secrete hormones
, The Posterior Pituitary is also known as... and is composed of these..... and it's job is
to.... - ANSWER: Neurohypophysis, Neurotracts, store hormones only
Steps for posterior Pituitary release - ANSWER: 1) Hypothalamus synthesizes
oxytocin and ADH
2) Transported down hypophyseal tract
3) Stored and released from Post Pituitary
What does Oxytocin do? - ANSWER: Initiates labor and milk ejection
What does ADH do (anti-diuretic hormone) - ANSWER: Makes Kidneys reabsorb
water, signaled by decrease in blood volume or increase in solute concentration
How does alcohol affect ADH - ANSWER: Inhibits ADH. Prevents ADH from binding
How does Anterior Pituitary work? - ANSWER: 1) Hypothalamus releases releasing
hormone
2) Enters Cap bed 1
3) Travels down portal vein (hypophyseal portal)
4) Enters Cap bed 2
5) Binds Target cell
6) Release hormone in to blood that finds target cell
Is Anterior Pituitary Darker or lighter? - ANSWER: Darker
Is Posterior Pituitary Darker or lighter? - ANSWER: Lighter (post is like a lamp post =
light)
Where is the Thyroid Gland Located? - ANSWER: Lateral and anterior to trachea
What is the structure of the thyroid gland? - ANSWER: 2 lateral lobes connected by
an Isthmus
What does the Thyroid gland make? - ANSWER: Thyroid hormone
What is the function of Thyroid Hormone (TH) - ANSWER: Controls Basal Metabolic
Rate (BMR)
Temperature control
Glucose/Fat metabolism
Required for organ health of all organs
What happens if there is too much Thyroid Hormone? - ANSWER: BMR goes up,
Unhealthy weight loss
Temperature goes up
Heart Palpitations
Every organ is "off"
High anxiety
