NHA CCMA ALL ANSWERS CORRECT
Cardiovascular and Hematology Terminology
1. Chief Complaint (CC): - The primary reason a patient seeks medical attention.
2. Segment: - Line between two waveforms on an ECG.
3. P-wave: - Represents atrial depolarization on an ECG.
4. 6-Second Rhythm Strip:...
- The primary reason a patient seeks medical attention.
2. Segment:
- Line between two waveforms on an ECG.
3. P-wave:
- Represents atrial depolarization on an ECG.
4. 6-Second Rhythm Strip:
- Contains 30 one-millimeter boxes.
5. SA Node:
- Represents the P-wave on the ECG.
6. RR Interval:
- Used to calculate ventricular pulse.
Hemolysis and Hemostasis
1. Primary Stages of Hemolysis:
- Vascular phase and platelet phase.
2. Electrophoresis:
, - Analyzes chemical components of blood based on electrical charge (e.g., hemoglobin, serum).
3. Occult Blood in Stool Sample:
- Positive test turns blue.
4. Stages of Hemostasis:
- 1. Vascular Phase
- 2. Platelet Phase
- 3. Coagulation Phase
- 4. Fibrinolysis
Blood Composition and Properties
1. Blood Vessels:
- Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, superior and inferior vena cavae.
2. Blood Volume:
- Average adult has 5-6 liters.
3. Composition of Blood:
- Water: 92%
- Plasma: 55%
- Formed Elements: 45%
- RBCs: 99% of formed elements.
4. Hemoglobin Location:
- Found in red blood cells (RBCs).
5. Blood Cell Origin:
, - All blood cells originate from bone marrow.
White Blood Cells (WBCs) and Their Functions
1. RBC Count:
- Normal: 4.2-6.2 million per microliter of blood.
2. Second Most Abundant WBC:
- Lymphocytes (20-40%).
3. WBC Functionality:
- Monocytes: Increase with intracellular infections and TB.
- Neutrophils: First responders to bacterial infections.
- Lymphocytes: Vital for viral infections and immunity.
4. Total WBC Count:
- Normal range: 5,000-10,000 per microliter.
5. Leukopenia:
- Decreased WBCs, often seen in viral infections and leukemia.
6. Leukocyte Types:
- Monocytes: 3-8% of WBCs, largest leukocytes.
- Basophils: Carry histamine.
Hemostasis and Venipuncture
1. Vascular Phase of Hemostasis:
- Injury causes blood vessels to constrict, slowing blood flow.
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