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Fisdap Unit Exam: Medical Emergencies Questions With Complete Solutions
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Fisdap Unit Exam: Medical EmergenciesQuestions With Complete Solutions
Average in adults in 30-100g, average in children is 15-30g for children younger than age 13.
always obtain approval from medical control.
most effective if used within 1 hour of ingestion.
shake the bottle vigorously to mix the suspension after patient rights and medical control
looks like mud so cover it up, have patient drink with a straw
mix as needed to keep it suspended.
document any refusal
impacts include constipation, black stools, vomiting (after which dose has to be repeated), be
prepared for vomiting, nausea, and possible airway conditions
use a large plastic garbage bag to hang on the patient as a bib.
hepatitis - ✔inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes
fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.
,often seen in drug users. drug users with undiagnosed infections may bite, spit, hit,
or otherwise injure.
alcohol - ✔can damage the liver
1/10 deaths in US adults is caused by excessive drinking
binge use has increased more than 17% since 2005.
CNS depressant -- a sedative and hypnotic
dulls awareness, slows reflexes, reduces reaction time; may cause aggressive and inappropriate
behavior, lack of coordination.
a person who appears intoxicated may have other medical problems. Look for signs of
head trauma, mental illness, toxic reactions, uncontrolled diabetes
severe acute alcohol consumption may cause hypoglycemia
assume all intoxicated patients have a drug overdose and transport immediately with
ABC support.
alcohol increases the effects of other drugs. OTC drugs (antihistamines, diet meds) can
cause serious complications when taken with alcohol.
beware of DTs
sedative - ✔a substance that decreases activity and excitement
,hypnotic - ✔a sleep - inducing effect or agent
delirium tremens (DTs) - ✔a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alocholics who are
deprived of ethyl alchol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating, disorientation,
agitation, and seizures. can be fatal if untreated.
1-7 days after a person stops drinking/decreases drinking.
hallucinations come and go. mental state may be stable otherwise.
agitation, restlessness, fever, sweating, tremors, confusion, disorientation,
delusions, hallucinations, seizures
provide prompt transport, manage the ABCs.
opiates and opioids - ✔natural vs synthetic narcotics. Named for the opium in poppy
seeds (codeine and morphine).
most commonly abused drug in the US.
common synthetic opioids include: meperidine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, hydrocodone,
methadone.
CNS depressants, can cause severe respiratory depression.
administered intravenously: produce a high/kick.
tolerance develops quickly
, respiratory and then cardiac arrest are common
cause nausea, vomiting, and hypotension. seizures are uncommon but can occur after OD as
the patient enters a coma.
patients appear sedated/unconscious and exhibit cyanosis with pinpoint pupils.
with pinpoint pupils: most commonly accepted sign of opiate abuse.
high risk of hepatitis C and HIV in opiate abusers
naloxone/narcan is the antidote: IV, IM, IN (ideally IV, then IN, finally IM -- IM is the safest).
common narcotics - ✔butorphanol (stadol), codeine, fentanyl (sublimaze), heroin,
hydrocodone (vicodin), hydromorphone (dilaudid), morphine, methadone
(dolophine), oxycodone hydrochloride (oxycontin), oxymorphone (opana)
Naloxone admin - ✔only use when patient has agonal or absent respirations. Address the
ABCs first, ventilate the patient and then apply naloxone (reduces risk of hypoxic brain
injury). Remove airways (especially oral) as patient becomes conscious
find out if any bystanders have administered naloxone before doing it yourself.
narcotic - ✔a drug that produces sleep or altered mental consciousness.
sedative-hypnotic drugs - ✔barbiturates and benzodiazepines: easy to obtain and fairly cheap.
CNS depressants and alter LOC
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