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Humanity
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Exam study book Health in Humanitarian Emergencies of David Townes - ISBN: 9781107062689 (Humanity)
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Health in Humanitarian Settings Class Notes
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Test Bank For Humanity: An Introduction to CulturalAnthropology 11th Edition By James Peoples; Garrick
Bailey
Hunting and Gathering (Foraging) (Adaptive Strategies) - ANSWER: small band size
(30-50). group dependent, socially mobile, fictive kinship, egalitarian, division of
roles by gender and age, food gathering, seasonally-occupied camps, food gathering,
seasonally-occupied camps,
Horticulture (Adaptive Strategies) - ANSWER: More sedentary communities (few
hundred), partially mobile, seasonal gardens, exogamous, (includes fishing as
harvesting)
Pastoralism - ANSWER: Herding, movement with animals, villages, transhumance,
don't often eat animals, milk, wool, blood. Supplement to horticulture.
Agriculture (Adaptive Strategies) - ANSWER: Intensified horticulture, sendentary,
permanent villages (several hundred to many thousands), Chiefdoms to States,
group exogamy, families live around mother's line.
Biological (Physical) Anthropology - ANSWER: Concerned with the biological and
behavioral aspects of human beings. Examines the concept of "Race." It studies how
humans evolve biologically, vary over time, and adapt to environmental stresses. It
includes the study of both living and past humans as well as our human ancestors
and their relatives.
Cultural Anthropology - ANSWER: The study of humankind. It deals with human
culture addressed in this class by the subfields of religion (myth and magic), health,
politics, human biology, economics, psychology, symbols, education, language,
identity, and nationalism. We study Culture as a complex whole that includes
knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, technology and other capabilities and
habits acquired by members of society.
Culture - ANSWER: "Symbolic, linguistic, and meaningful aspects of human
collectivity"
Reciprocity (economic paradigms) - ANSWER: Exchange between two equals.
Generalized: no expectation of immediate return, a strategy of interdependence.
Balanced: Return equal value exchange is expected , no advantage is taken.
Redistribution (economic paradigms) - ANSWER: goods move to more marginal
members of society.
Ethnography - ANSWER: A systematic study of individual peoples and cultures. Our
three texts are all ethnographies. Ethnographies are based on long-term field study
through participant observation.
, Biological (Physical) Anthropology (4 fields of Anthropology) - ANSWER: study of
people as biological organisms, human origins, primatology, human variation,
medical, forensic
Cultural Anthropology (4 fields of Anthropology) - ANSWER: study of living people
Linguistic Anthropology (4 fields of Anthropology) - ANSWER: study of human
language
Archaeology (4 fields of Anthropology) - ANSWER: Study of dead people. The human
past.
Sociolinguistics (Linguistic Anthropology) - ANSWER: Relation between linguistic
performance and social context.
Franz Boas (Linguistic Anthropology) - ANSWER: Cultural Linguistics
Ethno-semantics (Linguistic Anthropology) - ANSWER: Linguistic categorization
relevant to cultural or ethnic groups.
Historical linguistics (Linguistic Anthropology) - ANSWER: Study of long-term
linguistic change.
Medical Anthropology - ANSWER: the study of how physical and mental health are
shaped, experienced, and understood by various societies in light of global,
historical, and political forces. At is broadest it includes psychology, access to
medicine, indigenous medicine, shamanic exorcism, aging, doctor patient
relationships, impact of social inequalities and poverty on disease, and ethnic
conflict.
Political Anthropology - ANSWER: Examines and compares diverse systems of social
control, as well as the power structures of societies. It examines the ways in which
leaders establish or bolster their authority through tradition, force, persuasion, and
religion. Politics: Studies the processes involve in determining and implementing
public goals.
Band (political systems) - ANSWER: small egalitarian community (30-50 people)
cooperate in subsistence, security, ritual, care for children and elders. Often
foragers. No land ownership. Unending food collection.
Tribe (political systems) - ANSWER: common mythological background; conflict
solved informally or feuding; age sets, no separate polity that runs the society.
Chiefdom - ANSWER: Hereditary (political systems): Chief has god-given, birth-given
status; retains interpersonal responsibility of reciprocity; power to bloodline of chief;
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