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Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease
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Test Bank For Memmler's The Human Body in Health andDisease, Enhanced Edition 14th Edition By Barbara Janson
Cohen; Kerry L. Hull
Differentiate between anatomy & physiology. - ANSWER:Anatomy is a study of the
physical structure of an organism, while physiology involves the study of the
functions
Explain how anatomy & physiology are interrelated. - ANSWER:An understanding of
anatomy is critical to the study of physiology, and learning about physiology is
important to people who want to understand how anatomical structures work
Define homeostasis. - ANSWER:Keeping things constant; maintaining stable
conditions
Explain how homeostasis and health are maintained by a system of positive or
negative feedback - ANSWER:Positive feedback creates more of a change, negative
feedback reverses change
Give examples of positive feedback. - ANSWER:Blood clotting, child birth
Give examples of negative feedback. - ANSWER:Insulin, thermometer
What occurs when homeostasis is not maintained? - ANSWER:Hypothermia,
heatstroke
Describe the structural organization of the human body from the molecular level to
the body as a whole. - ANSWER:Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems, Organism
Molecular level - ANSWER:Atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular level - ANSWER:Cells are made up of molecules
Tissue level - ANSWER:Tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level - ANSWER:Organs are made up of different types of tissues
Body System level - ANSWER:Organ systems consist of different organs that work
together closely
Organism level - ANSWER:The human organism is made up of many organ systems.
The reference position for all body directional terms, with the body standing upright,
facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward, and feet parallel is described
as ______________ position. - ANSWER:Anatomical
, Transverse (horizontal or axial) - ANSWER:divides into superior & inferior
Frontal (coronal) - ANSWER:divides into anterior & posterior
Sagittal - ANSWER:divides into right & left sides
Superior (cephalic/cranial) - ANSWER:Above or upper, nearer to head
Inferior (caudal) - ANSWER:Below, lower, nearer to tail
Anterior (ventral) - ANSWER:Towards front
Posterior (dorsal) - ANSWER:Towards back
Medial - ANSWER:Middle, nearer to the midline
Lateral - ANSWER:Further from midline, towards side
Proximal - ANSWER:Close; nearer to origin or point of reference
Distal - ANSWER:Distant; further from origin or point of reference
Superficial (peripheral) - ANSWER:Shallow, not very deep
Deep - ANSWER:Further from body surface or more internal
Central - ANSWER:Center of body
Peripheral - ANSWER:Outer region of body
Describe body cavities and be prepared to explain their application. -
ANSWER:Internal spaces in body; contain and protect organs
Dorsal - ANSWER:back/posterior; contains cranial & spinal cavities
Ventral - ANSWER:front/anterior; contains thoracic (pleural>lungs, pericardial>heart)
and abdominal pelvic cavity (abdominal cavity>liver, gallbladder, stomach, intestine,
kidneys, pancreas, spleen) & (pelvic cavity (urinary bladder, rectums, internal
reproductive organs)
Describe and label the abdominal quadrants and be prepared to explain their
application. Identify organs contained in each quadrant. - ANSWER:Upper right
(RUQ)
Upper left(LUQ)
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