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Sociology in Action 2nd Edition
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Test Bank For Sociology in Action 2nd Edition By KathleenOdell Korgen; Maxine P. Atkinson
Sociology - ANSWER:the scientific study of society, including how individuals both
shape and are shaped by society
Sociological Eye - ANSWER:enables you to see what others may not notice. It allows
you to peer beneath the surface of a situation and discern social patterns
Sociological Imagination - ANSWER:the ability to connect what is happening in your
own life and in the lives of other individuals to social patterns in the larger society.
Generalizations - ANSWER:statements used to describe groups of people or things in
general terms, with the understanding that there can always be exceptions.
Stereotypes - ANSWER:predetermined ideas about particular groups of people that
are passed on through hearsay or small samples and held regardless of evidence.
Core Commitments - ANSWER:The first core commitment of sociology is to use the
sociological eye to observe social patterns. The second requires noticing patterns of
injustice and taking action to challenge those patterns.
Theory - ANSWER:a set of ideas used to explain how or why certain social patterns
occur.
Theoretical Perspectives - ANSWER:groups of theories that share certain common
ways of "seeing" how society works.
Structural Functionalism - ANSWER:view of modern societies as consisting of
interdependent parts of working together for the good of the whole.
Social Solidarity - ANSWER:moral order of society.
Mechanical Solidarity - ANSWER:solidarity derived from the similarity of its
members.
Organic Solidarity - ANSWER:solidarity where societies operate like a living organism,
with various parts, each specializing in only certain tasks but dependent on the
others for survival.
Social Harmony - ANSWER:occurs when a society with organic solidarity is "healthy,"
where the parts of the society are working well together.
Social Order - ANSWER:how the components of a society work together to maintain
the society.
,Social Institutions - ANSWER:sets of statuses and roles that focus on one central
aspect of society.
Micro Level of Analysis - ANSWER:focuses on either an individual or small groups.
Macro Level of Analysis - ANSWER:focuses on the overall social structure of society
and large-scale societal forces.
Manifest Functions - ANSWER:obvious and stated reasons that a social institution
exists.
Latent Functions - ANSWER:unintended consequences of an institution.
Dysfunctions - ANSWER:unintended consequences of behavioral patterns.
Unit of Analysis - ANSWER:what is being examined.
Social Change - ANSWER:large-scale, macroscopic, structural shifts in society.
Conflict Theory/Conflict Perspective - ANSWER:tensions and conflicts arise when
resources, status, and power are not distributed equitably; these conflicts then
become the driving force for social change.
Bourgeoisie - ANSWER:the rich owners of the means of production.
Means of Production - ANSWER:the technology and materials needed to product
products.
Proletariat - ANSWER:the workers, those who do not own the means of production.
Lumpenproletariat - ANSWER:the perpetually unemployed.
False Consciousness - ANSWER:Marx's theory that the proletariat did not understand
how they were being mistreated and misled by the owners of the means of
production.
Species Being - ANSWER:the unique potential to imagine and then create what is
imagined.
Alienation - ANSWER:theoretical concept to describe isolating, dehumanizing, and
disenchanting effects of working within a capitalist system of production.
True Consciousness - ANSWER:when the proletariat are no longer in false
consciousness and are aware of how they are being mistreated and misled.
, Communism - ANSWER:under Karl Marx's conceptualization of communism, all
citizens would be equal and able to fulfill their species being.
Value Coercion - ANSWER:the haves use their power over the major institutions to
force their values onto the have-nots as part of their effort to maintain their higher-
status positions in society.
Symbolic Interactionism - ANSWER:viewing society as a social construction,
continually constructed and reconstructed by individuals through their use of shared
symbols.
Self - ANSWER:sense of self, the knowledge that she or he is unique, separate from
every other human.
Culture - ANSWER:the characteristics of a group or society that make it distinct from
other groups and society or the way of life of a particular group of people.
Primary Socialization - ANSWER:socialization that occurs in childhood, the most
intense time for socialization.
Primary Groups - ANSWER:small collections of people of which a person is a
member, usually for life, and in which deep emotional ties develop.
Social Actors - ANSWER:individuals involved in interactions.
Social Scripts - ANSWER:the interactional rules that people use to guide an
interaction.
Props - ANSWER:material objects.
Front Stage - ANSWER:where an interaction actually takes place.
Back Stage - ANSWER:where one prepares for an interaction.
Presentation of Self - ANSWER:efforts to shape the physical, verbal, visual, and
gestural messages that we give to others to achieve impression management.
Social Construction - ANSWER:holds that every society creates norms, values,
objects, and symbols that it finds meaningful and useful.
Research - ANSWER:systematic process of data collection for the purpose of
producing knowledge.
Empirical - ANSWER:empirical statements are those that could hypothetically be
proven true or false.
Normative - ANSWER:commonly accepted as the appropriate.
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