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PCCN EXAM Questions and Answers Verified Answers Latest Updates 2024 GRADED A+
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PCCN EXAM Questions and Answers Verified Answers Latest Updates 2024 GRADED A+
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PCCN EXAM Questions and Answers VerifiedAnswers Latest Updates 2024 GRADED A+
1. What is the function of the cardiovascular system: to drive O2 to the cell so
that the cell can make ATP for energy production
2. What is the formula for CARDIAC OUTPUT: Stroke volume x Heart Rate
CO = HR X SV ( Preload + Afterload + Contractility)
3. What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle
each MINUTE (Answer) Cardiac Output ( approximately 4 - 8 LPM )
4. What is the term for the amount of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle
each BEAT (Answer) Stroke Volume
5. What is the term for the number of contractions / minute (Answer) Heart
Rate
6. IMPORTANT RELATIONSHIPS TO KNOW: 1. CO DECREASED -> HR IN-
,CREASES ( to maintain adequate stroke volume )
2. CO INCREASED -> HR DECREASES ( as stroke volume decreases )
3. HR DECREASED -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES
4. HR INCREASES ( > 150 ) -> SV DECREASES and CO DECREASES
5. SV DECREASES -> CO DECREASES and HR INCREASES
6. SV INCREASES -> CO INCREASES and HR DECREASES
7. What is the term for the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per
minute adjusted for body size: Cardiac Index
8. What is a normal cardiac index (Answer) Normal = 2.5 to 4.4 L/min/m2
**Always utilize CI values on exam (especially for bigger patients)
9. What is a normal amount (mL/beat) for stroke volume (Answer) 60 to 100
Ml
10. What is the term for the end-diastolic volume stretching the ventricle
, (Answer) -
Preload
( increased fluid = increased stroke volume )
11. What is the term for the pressure that the ventricle must OVERCOME in
order to eject blood into the circulatory system (Answer) Afterload
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