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Samenvatting Learning goals case 8
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Notes made in turtorial included as well, they are written in red. I succeeded this course with an 8, so all the cases are complete.
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Learning goals case 81. How is fat stored/released in/from the adipose tissue?
Exogenous pathway
Chylomicrons from the lymphatic system enter the circulation and immediately
receives APO Cll and apo E from HDL when it enters the blood.
APO Cll makes the chylomicrons substrates for lipo protein lipase enzyme which
cleaves a TAG into fatty acids and glycerol. The muscle or adipose tissue is now
able to take up the free fatty acids.
Chylomicrons remnants are going to the liver
Apo E and ApoB48 on chylomicrons remnants are ligands for lipoprotein
receptors in the liver
Postprandial (after meal), lipogenesis in adipose tissue
LPL is stimulated by insulin and breaks down triglycerides in the blood
Free fatty acid is taken up in adipocyte through CD36 / FATP or FABPm
In the adipocyte two thing can happen with the free fatty acids
Oxidation fatty acids which is inhibited by insulin
Storage in triglycerides in fat droplets
Insulin also stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 into the membrane of the
adipocyte, therefore glucose can be absorbed
Glucose can be converted into glycerol-3-phosphate which is used for the
triglycerides synthesis
, Fasting, lipolysis in adipocytes
Is inhibited by insulin and stimulated by (nor)adrenalin and glucagon
Catecholamine binds Gs protein coupled B-adrenergic receptor which activates cAMP
Natriuretic peptides bind receptor, which activates eGMP
cAMP and eGMP are activating PKA which stimulates lipolysis
Insulin binds the insulin receptor and inhibits cAMP via a cascade, therefore it
inhibits lipolysis . Also lactate, some neuropeptides, catecholamines and other
metabolites can block this route when they bind to the Gi coupled receptor.
Periplin A = protecting lipid droplet against lipolysis in the basal stae
ABhD5 (CGI-58) = binds with periliplin 1 in the basal state when stimulated by PKA.
Adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and MGL
detach one fatty acid after another
ATGL lipase : hydrolyses TAG DAG + FFA
HSL: hydrolyses DAG MAG + FFA
MGL: hydrolyses MAG glycerol + FFA
Fatty acids are transported in the blood by albumin to muscle
Oxidation takes place in the mitochondria of two places;
Muscles (90%)
Adipose tissue (10%)
Endogenous pathway
The liver is able to produce VLDL.
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