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Samenvatting Learning goals case 2
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Notes made in turtorial included as well, they are written in red. I succeeded this course with an 8, so all the cases are complete.
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Learning goals case 21. What is the anatomy of the digestive tract?
Mouth
mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva mechanical mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva breakdown mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva and mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva hydration mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva with mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva saliva mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva
Three mechanical breakdown and hydration with saliva glands!
Cephalic phase = represents the brain’s anticipation of food, through the sight or smell or even
thought of food, it is reinforced by the taste of food in the mouth.
Cephalic stimulation of the flow of saliva occurs through activation of the
parasympathetic nervous supply to the salivary glands.
Stimulation of gastric juice secretion occurs
Secretion of insulin, this is also in control of the nervous system
The presence of food in the mouth stimulates nerve receptors both mechanically and chemically,
through taste receptors, to reinforce the stimulus to saliva production. The taste receptors,
expressed in specialized taste sensory cells, are mostly G-protein coupled receptors; there are
also ion channels.
Saliva = produced in pairs of glands which are located along the line of the jaw, the parotid,
submandibular and sublingual. It contains:
Bicarbonate and phosphate ions buffer
Mucin glycoprotein which gives it lubricating (smeren) properties.
Enzymes among others alfa-amylase hydrolyzes alfa-1,4 links to begin the process of
carbohydrate digestion. This is not very extensive (unless you chew abnormal long)
, Lingual lipase To start the process of fat digestion, the cells at the base of the tongue secrete
another enzyme, lingual lipase. The overall impact of lingual lipase on fat digestion, though, is
small
Bolus = Saliva and other fluids, including mucus, blend with the food to form a bolus, a chewed,
moistened lump of food that is soft and easy to swallow. When you swallow, the bolus slides past
the epiglottis—a valve-like flap of tissue that closes off your air passages so you don’t choke.
Esophagus
The bolus enters the stomach through the esophageal sphincter, also called the cardiac
sphincter, which immediately closes to keep the bolus from sliding back into the esophagus. This
sphincter needs to close quickly and completely to prevent the acidic stomach contents from
backing up into the esophagus, causing the pain and tissue damage called heartburn.
Stomach
Three parts…
Fundoe
Body
Antrum
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