Absorption - AnswersWhen tissue is penetrated by, or absorbs, a dye solution and becomes colored without any other change or chemical reaction occurring.
An example is the absorption of oil red O or Sudan black B by fat
Achromatic - AnswersWithout color, or not easily stained. In microscopy, achr...
Absorption - AnswersWhen tissue is penetrated by, or absorbs, a dye solution and becomes colored
without any other change or chemical reaction occurring.
An example is the absorption of oil red O or Sudan black B by fat
Achromatic - AnswersWithout color, or not easily stained. In microscopy, achromatic lenses are corrected
for two colors, red and blue. This helps produce images free of chromatic aberrations
Acid mucosubstances - Answersa term used to include both the acid mucopolysaccharides (connective
tissue mucins) and the acidic glycoproteins (epithelial mucins). Most acid mucopolysaccharides contain
hyaluronic or hexuronic acid, and the glycoprotein contains sialic acid. Acid mucopolysaccharides and
acidic glycoproteins do not stain the same with all mucin techniques
acidophilic - Answersa basic (cationic, positively charged) substance that is easily stainable with acid
dyes. An example is cell cytoplasm, which is readily stainable with acid (anionic, negatively charged) dye
eosin.
Additive - Answersa chemical or substance that adds on to, or combines with, another substance, usually
improving, strengthening, or altering it. Many fixative molecules add on to tissue proteins, altering and
stabilizing them in the process.
Adsorption - AnswersThe accumulation of stain by the surface of a tissue component. This phenomenon
is influenced by the affinity of oppositely charged ions for each other (electrostatic attraction or
bonding).
Aldehyde - AnswersAn organic compound containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen arranged as in the
following group
Alliphatic hydrocarbon - AnswersOrganic chemical compound composed of carbon and hydrogen in
which the carbon atoms are linked in an open chain, rather than in a ring arrangement. Aliphatic
hydrocarbons can be used as clearing agents.
Amphoteric - AnswersDescribes a substance that is capable of acting as either a base or an acid,
depending on the pH of the solution
Anaplasion (of neoplasms) - AnswersLack of differentiation. Some features include variation in size and
shape of cells and nuclei, dark nuclei, giant cells and disturbed orientation
Angstrom - AnswersA unit of length equal to 100 millionths of a centimeter. this unit has been replaced
by nanometer as the official unit of measurement. One nanometer is equal to 10 angstrom
Anion - AnswersA negatively charged dye or tissue component,. Anionic substances are also referred to
as acidic, although it has nothing to do with pH
Antibody - Answerscommonly known as immunoglobulins, antibodies are proteins that are produced by
B lymphocytes in response to antigenic stimulation
antigen - Answersany substance that can induce a detectable immune response
, Antigen enhancement - Answersepitopes can be exposed or "unmasked" by either heat or enzymes, thus
enhancing the antigen-antibody reactivity.
Antigenic determinant - Answersthe area of an antigen that determines the specificity of the antigen-
antibody reaction.
apochromatic - AnswersCorrected for both spherical and chromatic aberration. Special microscope
objectives have been corrected for three colors and other lens aberrations.
Aqueous - AnswersA solution prepared in water
Argentaffin - AnswersA reaction in which certain tissue components have the ability to bind or be
impregnated with silver ions and then reduce the silver to its visible metallic form
Argyrophilic - Answersthe ability to bind or be impregnated with silver ions: however, a, a reducing agent
is required to reduce the silver to its visible metallic form
Aromatic hydrocarbon - AnswersOrganic chemical compound composed of carbon and hydrogen, in
which the carbons are linked in a ring arrangement. Aromatic hydrocarbons are used as clearing agents.
Artifact - AnswersA structure or substance not normally present but produced by some external force or
action. Examples are mercury pigment, tissue floaters, knife lines, and air bubbles.
autolysis - Answersdestruction or digestion of tissues and cells by the enzymes normally present in the
cells
auxochrome - Answersthe chemical group present in a dye that causes it to bind to certain tissue
elements. This group can develop a charge (+ or -) and thus bind to oppositely-charged groups present in
the tissue. The amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups are frequently occurring auxochromes
axon - Answersthe nerve process that conducts impulses away from the cell body of the neuron.
Neurons have a single axon. Axons are included along with dendrites in the term "nerve fibers"; axons
have also been referred to as the axis cylinder
basophilic - AnswersAn acidic (anionic, negatively charged) substance that is easily stainable with basic
(cationic, positively charged) dyes
Bevel angle - AnswersThe angle made when the two cutting facets of a microtome knife intersect. On
most American-made knives, the this angle is 28 to 32
Binocular - AnswersHaving two oculars. A binocular microscope has two eyepieces, or oculars.
Birefringence - Answerssplitting of a light wave into two waves that are refracted in different directions.
This phenomenon is also referred to as anisotropism or double refraction.
Buffer - Answersa solution containing acid and alkaline components in the desired concentration so that
the pH will be maintained when small amounts of other acids or bases are added.
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