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AMBOSS PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
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AMBOSS PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITHANSWERS
B) Increased concentration of H*
An investigator is studying muscle tissue in high-performance athletes.
He obtains blood samples from athletes before and after a workout
session consisting of short, fast sprints. Evaluation of blood obtained
after the workout session is most likely to show which of the following?
A) Increased concentration of insulin
B) Increased concentration of H*
C) Decreased concentration of lactate
D) Increased concentration of ATP
E) Decreased concentration of NADH
F) Increased concentration of blood glucose
A) Nitric oxide from endothelial cells
An investigator is studying brachial artery reactivity in women with
suspected coronary heart disease. The brachial artery diameter is
measured via ultrasound before and after intra-arterial injection of
acetylcholine. An increase of 7% in the vascular diameter is noted. The
release of which of the following is most likely responsible for the
observed effect?
A) Nitric oxide from endothelial cells
B) Endothelin from the peripheral vasculature
C) Serotonin from neuroendocrine cells
D) Norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla
E) Atrial natriuretic peptide from atrial myocytes
F) Neuropeptide Y from sympathetic nerve endings
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E) Decreased activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase
A 49-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being
discovered unconscious in a field near the county fair. Several empty
bottles of vodka were found near him. On arrival, he is mumbling
incoherently. He is malodorous and appears disheveled. Serum studies
show:
Which of the following changes to enzyme activity best explains this
patient's laboratory findings?
,A) Decreased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
B) Increased activity of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
C) Increased activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase
D) Decreased activity of phosphofructokinase-2
E) Decreased activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase
A) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
A 38-year-old imprisoned man is brought to the physician after going on
a hunger strike for 36 hours. During this time, he has only had two cups
of water. Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes. His
serum glucose concentration is 70 mg/dL. Which of the following
enzymes contributes most to maintaining a normal serum glucose level
in this patient?
A) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
B) Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase
C) Glycogen phosphorylase
D) Phosphofructokinase-1
E) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
E) Adenylate cyclase
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for a follow-up
examination. He has persistent bedwetting. Over the past year, his
parents have attempted various methods to prevent him from wetting his
bed, including fluid restriction in the evenings, sticker rewards, and
bedwetting alarms, with no improvement. The patient wets his bed 2-3
times a week. He does not have problems going to the bathroom during
the day. The physician prescribes an oral medication that successfully
controls his symptoms. The most likely effect of this drug on the principal
cells of the kidney is increased activity of which of the following?
A) Guanylate cyclase
B) Tyrosine kinase
C) Phospholipase C
D) Steroid hormone response element
E) Adenylate cyclase
D) Increased production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate
A 59-year-old man with long-standing hypertension is brought to the
emergency department because of vomiting and headache for 2 hours.
, He reports that he has been unable to refill the prescription for his
antihypertensive medications. His blood pressure is 210/120 mm Hg.
Fundoscopy shows bilateral optic disc swelling. An ECG shows left
ventricular hypertrophy. Treatment with intravenous fenoldopam is
begun. Which of the following intracellular changes is most likely to
occur in renal vascular smooth muscle as a result of this drug?
A) Increased activity of myosin light-chain kinase
B) Increased activity of protein kinase C
C) Increased activity of guanylate cyclase
D) Increased production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate
E) Increased intracellular concentration of calcium
D) Activation of adenylyl cyclase
A 21-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus suddenly develops
tremors, cold sweats, and confusion while on a backpacking trip with
friends. She is only oriented to person and is unable to follow
commands. Her fingerstick blood glucose concentration is 28 mg/dL. Her
friend administers an intramuscular injection with a substance that
reverses her symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely
mechanism of action of this drug?
A) Activation of glucokinase
B) Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphatase
C) Inhibition of a-glucosidase
D) Activation of adenylyl cyclase
E) Inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase
B) Nitric oxide
An investigator is studying the physiological response during congestive
heart failure exacerbations in patients with systolic heart failure. A
hormone released by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to
increased wall stress is isolated from a patient's blood sample. The
intracellular mechanism by which this hormone acts is most similar to the
effect of which of the following substances?
A) Thrombopoietin
B) Nitric oxide
C) Human chorionic gonadotropin
D) Aldosterone
E) Angiotensin II
F) Platelet-derived growth factor
B) Pantothenic acid
An investigator is studying the effect of extracellular pH changes on the
substrates for the citric acid cycle. Which of the following substances is
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