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  7. Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods

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A* student detailed notes on ethnicity and crime

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  • Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
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  • AQA A Level Sociology Book One Including AS Level

A* student well written and detailed notes on ethnicity and crime, including theory such as left realism, neo-Marxism… etc, and with name of sociologists, such as Lea and Young , Gilroy…etc. The notes are in PEEEL structure, where theories are analysed and explained in detail with examples, but...

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  • September 14, 2024
  • 7
  • 2024/2025
  • Class notes
  • Woodhouse college
  • All classes

Subjects

  • a level
  • paper 3
  • a level sociology
  • sociology paper 3
  • crime and deviance
  • ethnicity and crime
  • left realism
  • neo marxism
  • cultural differences
  • demographics factors
  • policeinstitutional racism

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  • AQA
  • Sociology
  • Unit 4 SCLY4 - Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with Theory and Methods
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Ethnicity and crime
EXPLANATION OF ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN CRIME RATES

ECON./ STRUCTURAL FACTORS
 Prison population

 Black overrepresented in prison

 75 per 10,000 members of population aged 15/ over

Left Realism
 LEA & YOUNG
 Ethnic differences in the stats reflect real differences in the levels of
offending by different ethnic groups

 See crime = product of relative deprivation, subculture & marginalisation
 Racism → to marginalisation & Econ. Exclusion of minority ethnic groups,
who’d face ↑ levels of unemployment, poverty & poor housing
 Africa- Caribbean = ↓ income jobs, this ✘ be resolved


 Media’s emphasis on consumerism = promotes a sense of relative
deprivationby setting materialistic goals→ many members of minority grps.
= unable to reach by legitimate means

 Response to racism

 Black young males = disadvantaged within the society
 Formation of delinquent subcultures
 Esp. Young unemployed black males
 Produces ↑ levels of utilitarian crime (e.g. theft/ robbery) =
mean of coping with relative deprivation
 Young unemployed black males = marginalised+ no org.
Representedtheir interests
 ∴ frustration = liable → produce non-utilitarian crime (e.g.
violence/ rioting)

 Acknowledge that police often act in racist ways → unjustified
criminalisation of some minority grps.
 BUT believe discriminatory policing fully explains the differences in
the stats.
 E.g. note that 90%of crime known to the police = reported by
members of the public

,  Under these circumstances, even if police act in
discriminatory ways, unlikely that this can adequately
(充分地) account for the ethnic differences in stats.

 Argue ✘ explain diff. Between minorities in terms of police racism
 E.g. black ppl. = considerably ↑ rate of criminalisation than Asian
 Police would have to be VERY selective in their racism— against black
but not Asian — for it to cause such diff.
 EVALUATION

 Role of police racism
 E.g. arrest rates for Asian may be ↓ than black ✘ ∵ ↓ likely to
offend, BUT ∵ police stereotype the 2 grps. Differently, see black =
dangerous, Asian = passive
 2 stereotypes may have changed since 9/11, ∵ police now regard
Asian = dangerous
 ∴ explain rising criminalisation rates of Asian

Neo-Marxism
 GILROY
 The myth of black criminality
 created as a result of the police having -ve stereotypes of
African-Caribbeans & Asians
 Ethnic minority come to be criminalised
 ∴ appear greater no. In official stats
 Idea of black criminality = myth created by racist stereotype
 Reality — black = no more criminal than others

 Ethnic minority crime = form of political resistance against racist society +
resistance has its roots in earlier struggles against British imperialism
 Similar views as critical criminology ( Wc crime = political act against
capitalism)
 Most black + Asian in UK = originated in British colonies — their anti-
imperialist struggles taught them how to resist oppression (e.g. by
rioting)
 ∴ adopted same forms of struggle to defend themselves
when found themselves facing racism in UK
 EVALUATION

 1st gen immigrants in 1950-60s = law-abiding (守法)
 ∴ unlikely will pass down tradition of anti-colonial struggle to
children
 Most crime = intra-ethnic ( criminals & victims = same ethnic background)
 ∴ ✘ be seen as anti-colonial struggles against racism

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