How Children Develop 5e & Launchpad for How Children Develop 5th edition By Robert S. Siegler , Jenny Saffran
How Children Develop 5e & Launchpad for How Children Develop 5th edition By Robert S. Siegler , Jenny Saffran
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Test Bank For How Children Develop 5e & Launchpad
for How Children Develop 5th edition By Robert S.
Siegler , Jenny Saffran
What are some practical reasons to study developmental psychology? - ANSWER: -
Understanding how children develop can improve child rearing,
- promote the adoption of wiser social policies regarding children's welfare
-answer basic questions about human nature.
turtle technique - ANSWER: - when a child feels distressed they are instructed to
step away from other children and go into their "shell" to think about the problem
until they are in control of their emotions
- this was found to be an effective strategy to teach children to control their anger
Empathy - ANSWER: - refers to a person's capacity to understand and share the
feelings of another person, and is a key part of emotional and moral development.
meta-analysis - ANSWER: - a valuable method for combining the results from
independent studies to reach conclusions based on all of them
Based on research studies what is the consensus of whether video games cause
children to develop increased aggression? - ANSWER: Ferguson's metaanalysis
indicated that the effect of playing violent video games on children's and
adolescents' aggression was minimal
- A recent study of more than 3000 children in Singapore found that after controlling
for gender, impulse control, and previous violent behavior, there was no relation
between playing violent video games and aggressive behavior two years later
What does developmentat research say about whether children can provide
accurate testimony for court cases? - ANSWER: - One such conclusion is that it is
essential to avoid asking children leading questions — questions that bias answers in
a specific direction
-In addition, realistic props, such as anatomically correct dolls and drawings, which
are often used in judicial cases in the hopes of improving recall of sexual abuse, turn
out not to improve recall of events that occurred.
-the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) developed a
recommended procedure for interviewing children, the NICHD Investigative
Interview Protocol
-It has proved effective in eliciting accurate testimony from young children
nativists - ANSWER: -argues that evolution has created many remarkable capabilities
that are present even in early infancy, particularly in areas of special importance,
such as understanding basic properties of physical objects, plants and animals, and
other people
, Empiricists - ANSWER: -argued that infants possess general learning mechanisms
that allow them to learn a great deal quite quickly, but that infants and young
children lack the specialized capabilities that nativists attribute to them.
prefrontal cortex - ANSWER: - cortical region associated with planning, reasoning,
problem solving, and other high-level mental functions
Evolutionary theory - ANSWER: -employs variation, natural selection, and inheritance
as its fundamental concepts, coupled with the scientific method, influenced
psychologists into the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
What did philsophers believe about children's development? - ANSWER: - Plato
believed that children have innate knowledge. For example, he believed that
children are born with a concept of "animal" that, from birth onward, automatically
allows them to recognize that dogs, cats, and other creatures they encounter are
animals.
- In contrast, Aristotle believed that all knowledge comes from experience and that
the mind of an infant is like a blackboard on which nothing has yet been written.
- Locke, like Aristotle, viewed the child as a tabula rasa, or blank slate, whose
development largely reflects the nurture provided by the child's parents and the
broader society. He believed that the most important goal of child rearing is the
growth of character.
-Rousseau believed that parents and society should give children maximum freedom
from the beginning.
Nature - ANSWER: refers to our biological endowment, in particular, the genes we
receive from our parents
Nurture - ANSWER: refers to the wide range of environments, both physical and
social, that influence our development, including the womb in which we spend the
prenatal period, the homes in which we grow up, the schools that we attend, the
broader communities in which we live, and the many people with whom we interact.
How does nature-and-nurture play a role in schizophrenia? - ANSWER: -A study of
adopted children, some of whose biological parents were schizophrenic, indicated
that the only children who had any substantial likelihood of becoming schizophrenic
were those who had a schizophrenic parent and who also were adopted into a
troubled family
genome - ANSWER: all of an organism's genetic material
epigenetics - ANSWER: the study of stable changes in gene expression that are
mediated by the environment
methylation - ANSWER: a biochemical process that influences behavior by
suppressing gene activity and expression
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