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Porth Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States 2nd Edition By Ruth Hannon
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Porth Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States 2nd Edition By Ruth Hannon
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Test Bank For Porth Pathophysiology: Concepts of AlteredHealth States 2nd Edition By Ruth Hannon
Sub groups of the elderly - ANSWER:Young old equals 65 to 74 years. Metal old
equals 75 to 84 years. Old old is 85 plus years
Gerontology - ANSWER:A discipline that studies aging and the aged from biologic,
psychological, and sociological perspectives.
Goals of gerontology - ANSWER:To explore the dynamic processes of complex
physical changes, adjustments and psychological functioning, and alterations in
social identities. To maximize functional ability and prevent or minimize illness and
disability.
Elderly population statistics - ANSWER:1. Most lived in family settings with a spouse
or relative.
2. 24% live alone and only 4.5% over 65 reside in nursing homes.
Older adults are the largest consumers of health care - ANSWER:Almost half of all
adult hospital beds are filled with patients 65 years of age and older
Common health problems in the elderly - ANSWER:Arthritis, hypertension, heart
disease, hearing impairment, orthopedic impairments, cataracts, sinusitis, diabetes.
Assets of the elderly population - ANSWER:Poverty is common among the elderly
population . 9.9% live below the poverty line. 6.1 percent were classified as near
poor. 22.7 of elderly African-Americans and 20.4% of Hispanics and 8.3% of
Caucasians were at the poverty level.
Elderly population income - ANSWER:1. 90% Social Security
2. 62% income from assets.
3. 43% from pensions.
4. 21% from earnings
Issues faced by the elderly - ANSWER:Retirement, changes in lifestyle, loss of
significant others, decline in physical functioning.
Positive aspects of the aging process - ANSWER:The elderly tend to be wiser, Palmer,
confident, more independent , have a clear sense of priority, have greater freedom.
Developmental /genetic series - ANSWER:Changes that occur with aging are
genetically programmed
, Stochastic Theories - ANSWER:Changes that occur with aging result from an
accumulation of random offense or damage from environmental factors.
Physiological changes in elderly skin - ANSWER:Becomes dry, wrinkled and an even
pigmentation. Dermis thickness decreases by 20%. Decrease in skin strength and
elasticity. Sebum secretion decreases. Vascular fragility occurs leading to senile
pursuers.
Elderly skin changes continued - ANSWER:Fingernails and toenails become dull brittle
and thick. Changes occur in hair color and growth. Skin disorders are common.
Muscular changes in aging - ANSWER:Reduction in muscle size and strength due to
loss of muscle fibers and reduction in size of existing fibers. Decrease in type to
muscle fibers type one fiber stay constant . Progress can be slowed with exercise
Skeletal changes in aging - ANSWER:Decreased bone mass and bone renewal.
Weakness in trabecular bone- head of the femur and radius and vertebral body. Joint
degeneration, osteoarthritis and synovial joints.
Cardiovascular function in the elderly - ANSWER:Cardiovascular disease is the
leading cause of morbidity and mortality. 40% of older adults have hypertension.
Aorta and arteries become stiffer and less distensible . cardiovascular function at rest
is adequate to meet needs
Respiratory function in the elderly - ANSWER:Decline in maximal oxygen
consumption. Loss of elastic recoil in long. Calcification of soft tissues of the chest
wall= increases workload of respiratory muscles.
Alveolar function in the elderly - ANSWER:Loss of alveolar structure that decreases
surface areas of gas exchange. Increase in residual lung volume and functional
reserve capacity. Decline and vital capacity
Neurologic function and the elderly - ANSWER:Brain weight decreases. Loss of
neurons and brain and spinal cord. Change in neurons and supporting cells and and
paired synaptic connections. Diminished electrochemical reactions, narrow
dysfunction sensorimotor changes. Cognitive abilities remain intact
Special senses in the elderly - ANSWER:Visual acuity and color discrimination decline.
Ophthalmologic diseases are more common. Hearing acuity decreases, presbycusis,
Cerumen occurs in the EAC. Taste and smell decline.
Immune function in the elderly - ANSWER:An increased risk for infections such as
UTI, respiratory tract infection, wound infections and nosocomial infections. Early
detection of infections becomes more difficult .
Gastrointestinal function in elderly - ANSWER:Let's age associated changes than any
other organ. Toothloss, but is not normal. Changes in esophageal function . Atrophic
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