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PORTAGE NUR 251 - PHARMACOLOGY - TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PORTAGE NUR 251 - PHARMACOLOGY - TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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PORTAGE NUR 251 - PHARMACOLOGY -TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
PharmacologyY-YANSWERYStudyYofYchemicalsYthatYalterYtheYfunctionYofYlivingYorganisms.
DrugsYcanYbeYusedYto:Y-YANSWERY1.YPreventYdisease
2.YDiagnoseYDisease
3.YCureYdisease
4.YTreatYsymptomsYofYdisease
DrugsYhaveYmanyYdifferentYeffectsYonYtheYbodyYincludingY-YANSWERY(1)YTherapeuticYeffects
(2)YSideYeffects
(3)YAdverseYeffects
(4)YToxicYeffects
TherapeuticYeffectY-YANSWERYdesiredYdrugYeffectYtoYalleviateYsomeYconditionYofYsymptom
SideYeffectsY-
YANSWERYanyYeffectYotherYthanYtheYtherapeuticYeffectYthatYareYusuallyYundesirableYbutYnotYharmful
AdverseYeffectY-YANSWERYgeneralYtermYforYundesirableYandYpotentiallyYharmfulYdrugYeffect
ToxicYeffectsY-YANSWERYundesirableYdrugYeffectYthatYimpliesYdrugYpoisoning;YcanYbeYveryYharmfulYorYlife-
threatening
MechanismYofYactionY-YANSWERYHowYaYdrugYproducesYitsYeffects
,targetedYsitYofYactionY-
YANSWERYtheYlocationYwithinYtheYbodyYwhereYaYdrugYexertsYitsYtherapeuticYeffect,YoftenYaYspecificYdrugYrec
eptor
ReceptorsY-
YANSWERYspecificYcellularYstructuresYthatYaYdrugYbindsYtoYinYorderYtoYproduceYaYphysiologicYeffect
AgonistYreceptorY-YANSWERYworksYtoYactivateYaYphysiologicYresponseYorYdrugYeffect
AntagonistYreceptorY-YANSWERYworksYtoYinterfereYwithYotherYdrugsYorYsubstancesYfromYproducingYaYdrug-
effect
Dose-dependentYrelationshipY-
YANSWERYbasicYprincipleYofYpharmacologyYwhichYstatesYthatYtheYresponseYtoYanyYdrugYdependsYonYtheYam
ountYofYdrugYgiven
OnsetYofYactionY-YANSWERYtheYtimeYfromYtheYdrugYadministrationYtoYtheYfirstYobservableYeffect
DurationYofYactionY-YANSWERYtheYlengthYofYtimeYthatYtheYdrugYcontinuesYtoYproduceYitsYeffect
DrugYNamesYincludeY-YANSWERY1.YChemicalYName
2.YDescribeYtheYchemicalYcompositionYandYmolecularYstructure
3.YGenericYnameY-YnonproprietaryYname
4.YTradeYnameY-YOwnedYbyYtheYproducingYcompany.
ClassificationYofYdrugsYbasedYonYsimilaritiesYofYpropertiesY-YANSWERY1.YStructureY-Ye.g.YbetaYblockers
2.YUseY-Ye.g.Yantibiotics
AqueousYPreparationsY-YANSWERYsyrupsY-YaYsolutionYofYwaterYandYsugarYtoYwhichYaYdrugYisYadded
,TabletsY-
YANSWERYdrugYpowdersYthatYhaveYbeenYcompressedYintoYconvenientYformYforYswallowing.YdisintegratesYin
YstomachYmoreYrapidlyYthanYmostYotherYsolidYpreparations
TrochesYandYlozengesY-YANSWERYflattenedYtabletsYthatYareYallowedYtoYdissolveYinYtheYmouth
CapsulesY-YANSWERYGelatinYshellsYfilledYwithYpowderedYorYliquidYmedication
Delayed-releaseYProductsY-
YANSWERYTabletsYorYcapsulesYthatYareYtreatedYwithYaYspecialYcoatingYdesignedYsoYthatYtheYdrugYproducesYit
sYeffectYoverYanYextendedYtime
EntericYCoatedYProductsY-YANSWERYTabletsYthatYareYcoatedYwithYanYacid-
resistantYsubstanceYtoYpreventYdissolutionYinYtheYstomach
SuppositoriesY-
YANSWERYDrugsYmixedYwithYaYsubstanceYthatYwillYmeltYatYbodyYtemperatureYwhenYinsertedYintoYtheYrectu
m,Yurethra,YorYvag
OintmentsY-YANSWERYsoftYoilyYsubstancesYcontainingYaYdrugYthatYisYappliedYtoYtheYskin
TransdermalYpatchY-
YANSWERYtheYdrugYisYreleasedYfromYaYbandageYorYpatchYandYthenYisYabsorbedYthroughYtheYskinYintoYtheYbl
oodYstreamYprovidingYcontinuousYsourceYofYdrugYoverY24Yhours
RoutesYofYAdministrationY-
YANSWERYTheYwaysYusedYtoYgetYaYdrugYintoYtheYtissuesYofYtheYbody,YwhereYtheyYcanYproduceYtheirYeffects.Y
TheYtwoYmainYroutesYareYoralYandYparenteral.
OralYadministrationY-YANSWERYrouteYofYdrugYadministrationYbyYwayYofYtheYmouthYthroughYswallowing
ParenteralYadministrationY-
YANSWERYrouteYofYdrugYadministrationYthatYdoesYnotYinvolveYtheYgastrointestinalY(GI)Ytract
, RoutesYofYDrugYAdministrationY-YANSWERY
PhasesYofYdrugYactivityY-YANSWERY(1)YPharmaceuticalYPhaseY-
YadministrationYofYdosageYform,YdissolutionYofYdrugYintoYbody
(2)YPharmacokineticYPhaseY-Yabsorption,Ydistribution,Ymetabolism,Yexcretion
(3)YPharmacodynamicYPhaseY-YdrugYreceptorYinteraction
PharmaceuticsY-YANSWERYStudyYofYhowYvariousYdosageYformsYinfluenceYhowYtheYdrugYeffectsYtheYbody.
DissolutionY-YANSWERYWhenYtaken,YhowYdoesYitYappearYinYtheYdigestiveYtract.
PharmakineticsY-YANSWERYStudyYofYwhatYtheYbodyYdoesYtoYtheYdrug.
1.YWhatYhappensYtoYtheYdrugYwhenYitYisYtaken.
2.YDependsYonYhowYlongYdrugYisYinYtheYsystem.
(absorption,Ydistribution,Ymetabolism,Yexcretion)
AbsorptionY-YANSWERYtheYmovementYofYaYdrugYfromYitsYsiteYofYadministrationYintoYtheYblood
BioavailabilityY-
YANSWERYAYmeasureYofYtheYextentYofYdrugYabsorptionYforYaYgivenYdrugYandYrouteY(fromY0%YtoY100%).
DistributionY-YANSWERYtransportYofYaYdrugYbyYtheYbloodstreamYtoYitsYsiteYofYaction
MetabolismY-
YANSWERYtheYbiochemicalYalterationYofYaYdrugYintoYanYinactiveYmetabolite,YaYmoreYpotentYmetabolite,YorY
aYlessYactiveYmetabolite
SubstratesY-YANSWERYaYsiteYwhereYtheYenzymeYacts
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