HDFS 311 Quizzes | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

HDFS 311 Quizzes | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) When we consider how a child's characteristics such as their age, gender, ethnicity, or culture impacts their development, we are - looking at how individual differences modify general patterns of development - identifying the predictable stages of development that children move through - examining the resiliency that children bring to their development - search for universal patterns of behavior (developmental function) ________ includes the influence of what we bring to development as a result of our genetic inheritance while ____________ includes the influence of the environment, important people in our lives, and the context in which we grow - Continuous change, discontinuous change - Nurture, nature - Nature, nurture - Discontinuous change, continuous change Which of the following would best be described as a developmental function? -atypically delayed walking due to poor nutrition -two of my children walked at 9 months and the other two at 11 months -begins by sitting with support and ends with walking -motor milestone variation related to institutional care Locke believed children were _______ while Rousseau believed children were _____________ -filled with original sin; noble savages -rational animals, sinful in nature -tabula rasa; noble savages -noble savages; tabula rasa The physical, cognitive, and social-emotional domains of development -continually interact with each other so that development in one domain impacts and influences development in the other domains -are so co-mingled that we cannot talk about development in the different domains separately -develop in ways that are largely independent of each other -are linked together in ways that advances in one domain hold back development in other domains Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the internal process of the mind, but learning theories (behaviorism) focus on -observable behavior -conscious motivation -biological maturation -adaptive biological mechanisms Piaget's research has affected the world of education by -promoting strategies that allow the child to construct their own learning -stressing the importance of rote learning in early education -making us realize that young children need a great deal of adult supervision and oversight in order to learn effectively -shaping is an effective way to learn to read The understanding that newborn ducklings and goslings will imprint up on and follow their mothers immediately after birth came from early work in the field of -sociobiology -information processing -ecological theory -ethology Bronfenbrenner would say that it is important that we understand the individual -not on their own or with one or two people, but rather within all the contexts that affect development -as someone who primarily responds to biological processes that they can't control -as an autonomous individual who has the free will to make independent choices -as a member of a specific culture that dictates the person's attitudes, values, and beliefs A set of logically related statements or principles that help organize our observations in order to understand and predict human development is called a(n) -operationalization -dynamic system -theory -hypothesis Professor Cooky wants to know whether young children who play on co-ed soccer teams are more flexible in their thinking about gender stereotypes compared with young children who play on same-sex soccer teams. She randomly assigns children to one of these two conditions and gives them a pre-test measure of their gender stereotypes, finding no differences in level of stereotyping. The children complete the 2-month season. At the end of the season, she administers a similar measure of gender stereotypes. She finds that children on co-ed teams held fewer gender-stereotypical beliefs compared to children on same-sex teams. She conducted an experiment. The unique advantage of this type of design is that -she has no idea what she can say from this study -she relied on norms to determine what was typical or average in stereotypical beliefs -she was able to identify the cause in children's changes in their stereotypical beliefs -she can only say that playing soccer is associated with stereotypical beliefs Professor Ruple is interested in studying how the use of media (such as having the TV on, answering text messages, or listening to music) affects students' ability to study for their course. It would be better if she got permission to look up the students' grade point average (GPA) with the registrar rather than to ask the students to self-report their GPAs because -it won't be clear to students what information Professor Ruple is looking for when she asks about their GPA -students don't pay much attention to grades, so many many not have this information in their memory -GPA changes so frequently that it is difficult for students to accurately recall what it is -they might not correctly report their GPA in an attempt to make themselves look better to the researcher You are interested in looking at the relation between education and well-being. You decide you will use the number of years of schooling completed as the way you will measure level of education. This step in the scientific method is called: -standardizing your measure -establishing the validity of your measure -determining if your measure is reliable -operationalizing the concept Children who have been the victims of child maltreatment are followed from early childhood through adolescence with their psychological and emotional well-being assessed every 3 years during this time. This is an example of a(n) -correlational study -archival study -longitudinal study -cross-sectional study One of the advantages of doing research by using observations is that we can -observe behavior as it naturally occurs -compare a single individual to an entire group of individuals -generalize our results to most populations -determine the cause of behavior The outer ring of cells in the blastocyst will go on to become the -chorion -trophoblast -support system for the pregnancy -embryo Alleles -in a chromosome pair are always different -occur singly, not in pairs -in a chromosome pair are always identical -in a chromosome pair are sometimes identical and sometimes different Match the appropriate stage of prenatal development with its timeline 1. The ___________ stage of prenatal development lasts from about 2 weeks postconception to 2 months 2. Immediately after conception until implantation (~1-2 weeks), the fertilized egg (and this stage of prenatal development) is called a(n) 3. This stage of prenatal development is the longest, lasting from week 9 to 38, and is a period of rapid growth and organ refinement ____fetus ____embryonic ____zygote __3__fetus __1__embryonic __2__zygote This recessive-linked disorder causes a person's nervous system to degenerate during infancy -albinism -cystic fibrosis -Tay-Sachs disease -Huntington's disease If two parents have brown eyes, but each of them also has a recessive gene for blue eyes in their genotype, -none of their children will have blue eyes -we cannot predict what color eyes their children will have -there is a 50-50 chance one of their children will have blue eyes -there is a 1 in 4 chance that one of their children will have blue eyes A healthy diet consisting of ample fruits and vegetables in the first two years of life may increase future preferences for health foods. True False Which of the following would be considered "unstructured active play" for preschoolers? -playing in the park on the climbing structure -throwing or catching a ball -playing with an iPad -playing soccer on a peewee team Vaccines use very small amounts of ______________ to help a child's immune system recognize and learn to fight serious diseases -antidotes -antigens -antibiotics -antibodies Which of the following have been linked to the development of feeding problems? - breastfeeding (under most circumstances) - genetic predisposition - temperament challenges - positive mealtime experiences When babies are born, they are at greater risk for infections. Why? -because they have no functioning immune system -because their immune system is not fully developed Match the evolutionary language concept with its definition ____narratives that integrated and organized ideas ____communication is based on gestures and simple vocalizations ____development or symbols becomes far richer than literal gestures making context important for interpretation ____off-loading of information to cave art and writing systems combined with a greater ability to integrate thought ____able to perceive the immediate significance of events without retaining for the future dic consciousness is al invention etical consciousness __4__narratives that integrated and organized ideas __2__communication is based on gestures and simple vocalizations __3__development or symbols becomes far richer than literal gestures making context important for interpretation __5__off-loading of information to cave art and writing systems combined with a greater ability to integrate thought __1__able to perceive the immediate significance of events without retaining for the future When thinking about how babies learn language, the likelihood that certain sounds will follow each other is known as -phonemic likelihood -statistical determinism -transitional probability -universal grammatical structure Betty Hart and Todd Risley were Kansas researchers who wanted to examine why the low-income preschoolers in their intervention classrooms could not catch up to their more advantaged peers even with intensive efforts. They conducted a study following kids from 6 months to 36 months of age to examine the similarities and differences in everyday language heard in different families. What did they find overall? - children from families with lower socioeconomic (SES) statuses heard more words than their higher SES peers - most toddlers heard about the same number of words - there were no differences in vocabulary size at age three - children from families with higher socioeconomic (SES) statuses heard a lot more language than their lower SES peers Which of the following statements about early language development is true? babies younger than 6 months of age can distinguish the sounds of all languages babies older than 12 months of age can distinguish the sounds of all languages Match the language rule system with its appropriate example ____The sounds in the word "map" are /m/ /ă/ /p/ ____the appropriateness of emailing your professor and stating "Hello Debbie. The deadline for the paper is too soon for me so I want an extension. Bye, Student A" ____the meaning of "help" vs. "helper" ____We ate fish for dinner vs. For dinner ate we fish ____A toy block could be called a block, a cube, or a toy x tics logy ology atics __3__The sounds in the word "map" are /m/ /ă/ /p/ __5__the appropriateness of emailing your professor and stating "Hello Debbie. The deadline for the paper is too soon for me so I want an extension. Bye, Student A" __4__the meaning of "help" vs. "helper" __1__We ate fish for dinner vs. For dinner ate we fish __2__A toy block could be called a block, a cube, or a toy Without context and relevance, incoming information would be easy to remember True False Knowing lions and tigers are mammals is what type of memory -semantic memory -episodic memory -classical conditioning -procedural memory Figuring out the tip on a restaurant bill is using which memory type -priming -working memory -episodic memory -semantic memory 17yo Jalen remembers the day he met his best friend in grade school, the first day of high school, and the day he obtained his driver's license. This information is part of his -working memory -executive function -autobiographical memory -sensory memory Before you read this question, the name of the capital of Indiana was most likely in your? -sensory memory -executive memory -long term memory -working memory Technologies to study and aggregate children are called -developmental repertoires -individual social norms -normative social technologies -baby biographies Your ability to quickly and effectively solve novel problems for which you have no previous experience or training is a measure of your -fluid intelligence -'g' factor intelligence -crystallized intelligence -performance intelligence When Binet developed the first intelligence test, his goal was to -measure a child's performance on tasks similar to those required in school and compare the child's performance to the performance of others of the same age -identify all the separate and independent abilities that we need to measure in order to have a valid way of assessing intelligence -measure a child's inherited abilities that we can then use to define "intelligence" -describe how divergent and convergent thinking work together to determine intelligent behavior Monica's mom tells her all the time what a smart girl she is. What is most likely to happen when Monica does poorly on a test? -Don't pick this answer -She will think her mother is insane and run away -She will think she needs to work harder because her effort was not enough -She will give up because she believes that she is not smart enough Crystallized intelligence is a measure of -how quickly and effectively you can solve novel problems -your ability to solve common, everyday problems -your ability to find the one correct solution to a problem -what you already know and can draw upon to solve problems You've been working hard this summer. To support and reward that, this quiz is for fun! Which one below is a Big 10 university? -UCLA -Purdue University -Ivy Tech -University of Kansas Researchers studying children who grew up in extreme neglect in Romania's orphanages found that early institutionalization changed what? -when they were placed into foster care -only the structure of the brain -their physical growth was above average -both the structure and form of the brain From the article ADHD grows up, a person with ADHD lives a __________________ rather than a _______________ existence. -reactive, proactive -proactive, reactive Any agent that causes abnormal prenatal development is referred to as a(n) -anoxia -stress -teratogen -carcinogen Which of the following characteristics is less likely to be co-occur with maternal depression? -economically disadvantaged moms -socially isolated moms -moms living in high conflict situations -older moms In thinking about disability and neurodiversity, advocates of the neurodiversity movement prefer thinking about disability using a social model rather than a medical model. Match the following statements with whether they represent a medical model or a social model of disability ____Since the disabled person's impairments prevent them from functioning normally, they need caregivers and professionals to make decisions for them ____The person is disabled by their environment and its physical, attitudinal, communication, and social barriers ____The person is disabled by the abnormalities and deficits of their own body and/or brain ____Since the disabled person is inherently equal, they have a right to autonomy, choice, and free and informed consent in their own lives al model l model _1__Since the disabled person's impairments prevent them from functioning normally, they need caregivers and professionals to make decisions for them __2__The person is disabled by their environment and its physical, attitudinal, communication, and social barriers __1__The person is disabled by the abnormalities and deficits of their own body and/or brain __2__Since the disabled person is inherently equal, they have a right to autonomy, choice, and free and informed consent in their own lives When a baby feels safe and secure in the presence of a caregiver to whom she is attached, she can -rely exclusively on that caregiver without the need to develop other secure attachments -work on her cognitive development... such as developing object permanence -indiscriminately attach to any other people that the baby encounters -use the caregiver as a secure base and begin exploring the environment Your body's physiological reaction to a situation, your interpretation of it, communication with another person, and your own actions are all part of what we call -arousal -temperament -emotion -empathy Jeffrey is an infant who has a mother that smiles at him often, plays with him, but doesn't pick him up when he cries. When he is sleepy, she tries to get him to stay awake to read books. When he is sad, she tries to make him laugh. Jeffrey most likely has developed a(n) __________ attachment -anxious ambivalent -disorganized/disoriented -resistant -anxious avoidant A suggestion for me in parenting my difficult temperament child Beckett would be -be patient because Beck will easily outgrow the characteristics of being a difficult child