Exam (elaborations)
NU 411 Exam 2 Guide With Complete Solution
- Course
- Institution
NU 411 Exam 2 Guide With Complete Solution...
[Show more]
Content preview
NU 411 Exam 2 Guide WithComplete Solution
What are the 3 components of a pandemic? - ANSWER 1. New or novel virus
appears (humans lack immunity)
2. Virus elicits a severe disease in humans
3. Virus is easily transmitted to humans
How many types of influenza are there, and which of these types are of
interest to humans? - ANSWER There are 4 types, A and B concern humans
Which type of influenza really poses a threat of a pandemic? - ANSWER Type
A influenza
What is a drift and shift when referring to the flu? - ANSWER Drift: *Minor
mutations*, mutations on H and/or N antigens, reason for seasonal
vaccinations
Shift: *Major mutations*, result of recombination of genetic material; wild
bird to human
Antigenic ________ cause pandemics - ANSWER Shifts
How many H and N subtypes are there? - ANSWER H: 16
N: 9
What type of animal hosts almost every type of influenza? - ANSWER
Poultry/fowl (pigs also but not as many as poultry)
,What is the history of the 2009 H1N1 Swine Flu? - ANSWER Pigs are a natural
mixing vessel for viruses; a tripel reassortment virus with avian flu virus
types, human H3N2 and classical swine lineages met with a Eurasian swine
virus
Who is most often "patient zero" is a pandemic (age and gender)? - ANSWER
Typically young, curious boys (Ex age 10)
Why were the elderly population not as affected by H1N1 than the younger
population? - ANSWER 1918 pandemic was also H1N1, some elderly already
had immunity
How do the seasons play into pandemic preparedness? - ANSWER *Seasonal
flu does not occur in the summer, novel pandemics do*, need to be aware of
what kinds of illnesses you would expect at what time of the year, and pay
attention to outliers
What was the age group targeted by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic? - ANSWER
Young, 18-64 most affected, then 0-17. Elderly least affected
What is Ebola's mortality rate and why is it not a more serious pandemic
threat at this time? - ANSWER Mortality rate: 46%
"Burns hot", kills victims quickly and requires contact with bodily fluids to
pass on disease, therefore not contagious enough to be a serious pandemic
threat
Why is ebola more prevalent in Africa than in the US? - ANSWER Funeral
Rites in Africa require that families perform ablutions-- washing the entire
body of the deceased including the mouth and anus... we do not do this in
, the US and therefore avoid the intimate contact with bodily fluids of the
dead
Define contagious - ANSWER Ability to be spread to someone else
Define infectious - ANSWER Capable of giving an immune response in one's
body
What are the new current pandemic threats (not covid lollll)? - ANSWER
H7N9: new avian influenza that has not jumped over to humans (?)...
surveillance
H1N2: not yet transmissible between people but keep "spilling out" and
cropping up in people
H5N1: Avian influenza, found in wild birds and spreading to cats, tigers, dogs
etc, 53-58% mortality
What are the biggest risk factors regarding pandemics? - ANSWER Birds
natural hosts, pigs natural mixing vessels
High mutating capability
Dense populations of humans, birds, and pigs with close contact (especially
in Asian countries)
*Trafficking of infected birds and bird parts (legal or illegal)*
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Belina. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81503 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now