Class notes
Lutz's Nutrition and Diet Therapy Chapter one: Nutrition
- Course
- Science of Nutrition 312-502
- Institution
- University Of Akron
notes for chapter one of the book Lutz's Nutrition and Diet Therapy
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Chapter one: Nutrition in Human HealthThursday, September 12, 2024 2:54 PM
The language of nutrition Disease prevention
• Nutrition • Primary prevention
- Science of food and its relationship to health - Avert occurrence of disease
• Health - Prevent medical conditions and diseases caused by
- State of complete well-being nutrient deficiencies
- Not merely absence of disease or infirmity - Maintains body weight is a primary prevention strategy
• Anemia • Secondary prevention
- Iron deficiency - Monitoring techniques to discover diseases early
- Most prevalent nutritional deficiency world wide • Tertiary prevention
Nutrients - Treatment after a disease has occurred
• Nutrients definition Functional foods
- Nutrients are the chemical substances supplied • Physiologically active substances
by food that the body needs for growth, maintenance, and repair - Phytochemical
• Classes -found in plant foods, especially spices, fruits and vegetables s
- Carbohydrates (often abbreviated as CHO for carbon, hydrogen, -there are thousands of phytochemicals and are thought to act
And oxygen) as antioxidants
- Fats (Lipids) -regular consumption may help prevent cell damage in
- Proteins humans, possible playing a role in disease prevent or
- Minerals treatment
- Vitamins - Animal
- Water - Microbial
• Essentially • Definition of functional foods
- Essential - Whole Foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods
-One that the human body requires but cannot manufacture that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when
In sufficient amounts to meet bodily needs consumer as part of a varied diet on angular basis at effective
-Essential nutrients must be supplied by foods in the diet levels based on significant standards of evidence
-Vitamin C, A, and calcium are 3 of the more 40 essential nutrients • Categories of functional foods
- Nonessential -conventional foods (Whole Foods ) ; blueberries, cranberry
-Are not needed in the diet because the body can make them from juice, green tea, mushrooms, some nuts, oatmeal as part of a
Other substances healthy diet, tomatoes, cruciferous vegetables: broccoli,
-Amino acid alanine is a nonessential nutrient cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts
- Conditionally essential -Modified foods, fortified; omega-3 fatty acids in eggs and
-are those that, under most circumstances a healthy body can margarines
manufacture in sufficient quantities -synthesized food ingredients; oligosaccharides functioning as
-Certain situations of physiological status and disease, the body prebiotics
Cannot produce optimal amounts • Functional foods- bioactive components-health benefit
-Amino acid tyrosine is an conditionally essential nutrient -apples, tea, onions ; flavonoids ; prevents cardiovascular
• Functions disease
- Source of energy -berries ; polyphenols ; protection against cancer through
-Defined in the physical science as the capacity to do work abilities to counteract, reduce and repair damage from
-Energy exists in a variety of forms, such as electric, thermal(heat), oxidative stress and inflammation
chemical, Mechanical, and nuclear -Cruciferous vegetables; isothiocyanates ; reduction of
-All food enters the body as chemical energy prostate cancer risk
-body process the chemical energy of food and coverts it into other -oats; beta-glucan(soluble fiber); reduction of blood
energy forms (Ex; chemical energy is transformed into electric signals in cholesterol levels
nerves and into mechanical energy in muscles) -Purple grape juice or red win; resveratrol; reduction of heart
- Growth and maintenance of tissues disease risk by decreasing blood platelet aggregation
-Nutrients provide the raw material for building body structures and they -soy products; isoflavones; reduction of incidence of hormone
participate in the growth and maintenance of necessary tissues related cancers
-Water, proteins, fats, and minerals are the nutrient classes that
contribute in a major way to building body structure
Nutritional genomics
- Regulation of body processes
• Human genetic code
-nutrients control or regulate chemical processes in the body (Ex; certain
- 23 pairs of chromosomes
minerals and proteins help regulate how water is distributed in the body)
-contain genes
-vitamins are necessary in the series of reactions involved in generating
-provides the information needed by the body to
energy
function and may contain variations that may
-vitamins themselves are not energy sources; however if the body lacks a
predispose someone to an increased chance of
particular vitamin, it will not produce energy efficiently
developing a health condition such as diabetes or
Body composition cancer
• Nutrient intake can affect body - Epigenetics
composition which, in turn, can affect -the process that regulates how and when genes are
health turned on and off
-the human body is composed of five types -may occur in response to internal factors(hormones
of substances; Water, Protein, Fat, Ash and enzymes) and external or environmental
(Mineral content as in the skeleton), factors(radiation, chemicals, and diet)
Science of nutrition Page 1
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