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Unit 1 assignment
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Lecture notes of 3 pages for the course SCH3U at 11th Grade (Written TVO ILC)
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Overall expectation 1:1a) Atoms, ions, and molecules are the three types of particles that make up matter. How are
they similar? How are they different? Share at least 3 similarities and/or differences in your
response. Point form is acceptable. They are different because of their sizes, ions will have the
smallest size, atoms will be bigger and molecules will be the biggest. They are different because
of what is included in them, atoms have nucleus and electrons, molecules have more than one
nucleus and electrons and ions have no nucleus and electrons. They are different because of their
charges, atoms are particles that have no charge, molecules are 2 or more atoms combined that
have a neutral charge, ions have a positive, negative or neutral charge.
b) Give one example (name and formula) of each type of particle discussed in part a). Atom -
hydrogen, molecule - sodium chloride, ion - electron
2) Nitrogen has two naturally occurring isotopes: nitrogen-14 and nitrogen-15. The average
atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0064 μ, which isotope is in the largest abundance? Explain your
reasoning. Nitrogen 14 is more abundant because average atomic mass 14.007 when rounded is
closer to 14, this property is used to determine abundant isotopes of any element.
3) Describe three differences between the bonding in ionic and molecular substances. Point form
is acceptable. The first difference is that ionic substances happen when electrons of metals and
nonmetals bond while molecular substances bond between nonmetals only. The second
difference is that ionic substances give up their valence electrons to complete their orbit while
molecules share electrons between atoms. The third and final difference is that molecular
substances have no charges since they are sharing electrons but in ionic substances both atoms
are charged because of loss/gain of electrons.
5) Examine the following table and identify which of the substances A to C are ionic, which are
polar covalent, and which are non-polar covalent. Give a reason for your choice in each case.
Substance A is nonpolar because non-polar substances have very low melting points. Substance
B is polar because polar substances have melting points that are not too high and not too low.
Substance C is ionic because ionic substances have very high melting points.
6) Some of the names below are incorrect. Beside each name, write an “X” for an incorrect name
and a “✔” for a correct name. For each incorrect name, explain what is wrong and why it is
incorrect. The name ‘Magnesium chlorine’ is wrong, all chemical formulas are supposed to end
in ide, the correct name is ‘Magnesium chloride’. The name “Cobalt nitrogen oxide” is wrong
because cobalt is a multivalent metal and so it must have a roman numeral after its name
indicating the charge, the second element is the polyatomic ion nitrate not a combination of both
nitrogen and oxygen, the correct name is “Cobalt (III) nitrate”. The name ‘Nitrogen trioxide’ is
incorrect because the number 2 shows nitrogen has a charge and must have a prefix, the correct
name is ‘Dinitrogen trioxide’. Chromium carbonate is correct. The name “Silver sulfite” is
wrong because the polyatomic ion is supposed to end with ate, the correct name is “Silver
sulfate”
7) Explain how you would determine the chemical formula of each of the
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