SPCE 609 QUIZ 2 LATEST 2024/2025 WITH ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED (DETAILED)
ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A
Charlie Fester - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-studied SOF with Skinner
-comprehensive description of the behavior generated by diff schedules of
reinforcement
progressive ratio schedule - ✔✔ANSW✔✔a reinforcement schedule in which the
requirement for reinforcement systematically increases, often immediately following
each reinforcement
ex: 5 responses --> 15 responses ---> 25 responses
Break Point - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-the highest value completed correctly on the PR schedule
Arithmetic Progression - ✔✔ANSW✔✔when the difference between two ratio
requirements is a constant value such as 10 responses
-as ratio increases, response rate decreases linearly
Geometric Progression - ✔✔ANSW✔✔when each ratio after the first is found by
multiplying the previous one by a fixed number
-as ratio increases, response rates decrease quickly then level off
T or F: Progressive ratio schedule research uses break point to measure reinforcement
effectiveness - ✔✔ANSW✔✔True: the higher the break point, the more effective
transition state - ✔✔ANSW✔✔refers to the period between initial steady state
performance and the next steady state
Ratio Strain - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-organism pauses longer and longer after delivery of
reinforcer
-one reason being the time between sucessive reinforcement contributes to PRP (IRT
inceases)
-different transitions in life can lead to this and extinction due to decreased
reinforcement
, Molecular Accounts of Schedule Performance - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-Focus on small moment-
to-moment relationships between behavior and its consequences
-based on the fact that some behavior precedes the response which is reinforced
-occurs between successive responses (IRT)
Molar Accounts of Schedule Performance - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-concerned with large scale
factors that occur over the length of an entire session
-such as overall rate of reinforcement and the relationship between response rate and
reinforcement rate (called feedback function)
IRT seen as an operant - ✔✔ANSW✔✔Anger (1956) proposed IRT as a conditioned
stimulus that set the occasion for the next response
-however we treat IRT as an operant rather than a SD
-ratio schedules, because of bursts of responses, differentially reinforce short IRT's,
which is why RR is high
-interval schedules generate longer IRT's which is why response rate is lower
Molar Accounts of Rate Differences - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-in molar terms, the correlation
between responses and reinforcement or feedback function, produces the difference in
rate on interval and ratio schedules
-generally, a high response rate is correlated with a high rate of reinforcement
-on interval schedules, after some moderate value, it does not pay to increase response
rate, hence low-moderate response rate is maintained
Operant Behavior - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-sometimes described as intentional, free, voluntary or
willful
- behavior that operates on the environment
-defined by the consequences they produce
Discriminative Stimuli (SD) - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-Sets the occasion for SR of an operant.
-Stimuli in the presence of which responding is likely to be reinforced
-not defined by physical measures
contingencies of reinforcement - ✔✔ANSW✔✔-defines the relationship among the
events that set the occasion for behavior, the operant class, and consequences that
follow operant behavior
-the occurrence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors
- SD: R-> SR+
____________ that follow operant behavior establish control exerted by discriminative
stimulis. - ✔✔ANSW✔✔consequences
chunking - ✔✔ANSW✔✔high brain activity before cue
low brain activity during routine
high brain activity at the reward
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